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Compose-Multiplatform-Muster

Muster und Best Practices für Compose Multiplatform und Jetpack Compose in KMP-Projekten – State-Management, Navigation, Theming, Performanz und plattformspezifische UI.

Was ist Compose-Multiplatform-Muster?

Diese Skill-Datei bietet eine umfassende Sammlung von Entwurfsmustern und Best Practices für die Entwicklung mit Compose Multiplatform und Jetpack Compose in Kotlin Multiplatform (KMP) Projekten. Sie deckt die wichtigsten Bereiche ab: State-Management mit ViewModels und StateFlow, type-sichere Navigation mittels `@Serializable`-Routen, UI-Design mit Slot-basierten Composables und korrekter Modifier-Reihenfolge, plattformspezifische UI mit dem expect/actual-Mechanismus, Performanz-Optimierung durch stabile Typen (`@Stable`/`@Immutable`), korrekte Lazy-List-Schlüssel und `derivedStateOf`, sowie Material 3 Dynamic Theming. Für Entwickler, die mit Cursor, Claude Code oder anderen KI-Agenten arbeiten, ist dieser Skill besonders nützlich, da er bewährte Code-Strukturen liefert und häufige Anti-Patterns wie `mutableStateOf` im ViewModel oder Recomposition-Probleme vermeidet. Die Muster sind plattformneutral und funktionieren auf Android, iOS, Desktop und Web.

Funktioniert mit~Claude Code~Codex CLI~Cursor
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Dokumentation

Compose Multiplatform Muster

Muster für die gemeinsame UI über Android, iOS, Desktop und Web hinweg mit Compose Multiplatform und Jetpack Compose. Behandelt State-Management, Navigation, Theming und Leistungsoptimierung.

Wann aktivieren

  • Erstellen von Compose UI (Jetpack Compose oder Compose Multiplatform)
  • Verwalten des UI-Status mit ViewModels und Compose-Zuständen
  • Implementieren der Navigation in KMP- oder Android-Projekten
  • Entwerfen wiederverwendbarer Composables und Designsysteme
  • Optimieren von Recomposition und Rendering-Leistung

State-Management

ViewModel + Einzelstatusobjekt

Verwenden Sie eine einzige Datenklasse für den Bildschirmstatus. Stellen Sie sie als StateFlow bereit und sammeln Sie sie in Compose:

data class ItemListState(
    val items: List<Item> = emptyList(),
    val isLoading: Boolean = false,
    val error: String? = null,
    val searchQuery: String = ""
)

class ItemListViewModel(
    private val getItems: GetItemsUseCase
) : ViewModel() {
    private val _state = MutableStateFlow(ItemListState())
    val state: StateFlow<ItemListState> = _state.asStateFlow()

    fun onSearch(query: String) {
        _state.update { it.copy(searchQuery = query) }
        loadItems(query)
    }

    private fun loadItems(query: String) {
        viewModelScope.launch {
            _state.update { it.copy(isLoading = true) }
            getItems(query).fold(
                onSuccess = { items -> _state.update { it.copy(items = items, isLoading = false) } },
                onFailure = { e -> _state.update { it.copy(error = e.message, isLoading = false) } }
            )
        }
    }
}

Status in Compose sammeln

@Composable
fun ItemListScreen(viewModel: ItemListViewModel = koinViewModel()) {
    val state by viewModel.state.collectAsStateWithLifecycle()

    ItemListContent(
        state = state,
        onSearch = viewModel::onSearch
    )
}

@Composable
private fun ItemListContent(
    state: ItemListState,
    onSearch: (String) -> Unit
) {
    // Zustandsloses Composable – einfach zu previewen und testen
}

Event-Sink-Muster

Verwenden Sie für komplexe Bildschirme ein versiegeltes Interface für Ereignisse anstelle mehrerer Callback-Lambdas:

sealed interface ItemListEvent {
    data class Search(val query: String) : ItemListEvent
    data class Delete(val itemId: String) : ItemListEvent
    data object Refresh : ItemListEvent
}

// Im ViewModel
fun onEvent(event: ItemListEvent) {
    when (event) {
        is ItemListEvent.Search -> onSearch(event.query)
        is ItemListEvent.Delete -> deleteItem(event.itemId)
        is ItemListEvent.Refresh -> loadItems(_state.value.searchQuery)
    }
}

// Im Composable – ein einziges Lambda statt vieler
ItemListContent(
    state = state,
    onEvent = viewModel::onEvent
)

Navigation

Typsichere Navigation (Compose Navigation 2.8+)

Definieren Sie Routen als @Serializable-Objekte:

@Serializable data object HomeRoute
@Serializable data class DetailRoute(val id: String)
@Serializable data object SettingsRoute

@Composable
fun AppNavHost(navController: NavHostController = rememberNavController()) {
    NavHost(navController, startDestination = HomeRoute) {
        composable<HomeRoute> {
            HomeScreen(onNavigateToDetail = { id -> navController.navigate(DetailRoute(id)) })
        }
        composable<DetailRoute> { backStackEntry ->
            val route = backStackEntry.toRoute<DetailRoute>()
            DetailScreen(id = route.id)
        }
        composable<SettingsRoute> { SettingsScreen() }
    }
}

Dialog- und Bottom-Sheet-Navigation

Verwenden Sie dialog() und Overlay-Muster anstelle von imperativem Ein-/Ausblenden:

NavHost(navController, startDestination = HomeRoute) {
    composable<HomeRoute> { /* ... */ }
    dialog<ConfirmDeleteRoute> { backStackEntry ->
        val route = backStackEntry.toRoute<ConfirmDeleteRoute>()
        ConfirmDeleteDialog(
            itemId = route.itemId,
            onConfirm = { navController.popBackStack() },
            onDismiss = { navController.popBackStack() }
        )
    }
}

Composable-Design

Slot-basierte APIs

Entwerfen Sie Composables mit Slot-Parametern für Flexibilität:

@Composable
fun AppCard(
    modifier: Modifier = Modifier,
    header: @Composable () -> Unit = {},
    content: @Composable ColumnScope.() -> Unit,
    actions: @Composable RowScope.() -> Unit = {}
) {
    Card(modifier = modifier) {
        Column {
            header()
            Column(content = content)
            Row(horizontalArrangement = Arrangement.End, content = actions)
        }
    }
}

Modifier-Reihenfolge

Die Reihenfolge der Modifier ist wichtig – wenden Sie sie in dieser Reihenfolge an:

Text(
    text = "Hallo",
    modifier = Modifier
        .padding(16.dp)          // 1. Layout (Abstand, Größe)
        .clip(RoundedCornerShape(8.dp))  // 2. Form
        .background(Color.White) // 3. Zeichnen (Hintergrund, Rahmen)
        .clickable { }           // 4. Interaktion
)

KMP-Plattformspezifische UI

expect/actual für Plattform-Composables

// commonMain
@Composable
expect fun PlatformStatusBar(darkIcons: Boolean)

// androidMain
@Composable
actual fun PlatformStatusBar(darkIcons: Boolean) {
    val systemUiController = rememberSystemUiController()
    SideEffect { systemUiController.setStatusBarColor(Color.Transparent, darkIcons) }
}

// iosMain
@Composable
actual fun PlatformStatusBar(darkIcons: Boolean) {
    // iOS handhabt dies über UIKit-Interop oder Info.plist
}

Leistungsoptimierung

Stabile Typen für überspringbare Recomposition

Markieren Sie Klassen mit @Stable oder @Immutable, wenn alle Eigenschaften stabil sind:

@Immutable
data class ItemUiModel(
    val id: String,
    val title: String,
    val description: String,
    val progress: Float
)

key() und Lazy-Listen korrekt verwenden

LazyColumn {
    items(
        items = items,
        key = { it.id }  // Stabile Schlüssel ermöglichen Wiederverwendung und Animationen
    ) { item ->
        ItemRow(item = item)
    }
}

Lesevorgänge mit derivedStateOf verzögern

val listState = rememberLazyListState()
val showScrollToTop by remember {
    derivedStateOf { listState.firstVisibleItemIndex > 5 }
}

Allokationen bei Recomposition vermeiden

// SCHLECHT – neues Lambda und neue Liste bei jeder Recomposition
items.filter { it.isActive }.forEach { ActiveItem(it, onClick = { handle(it) }) }

// GUT – jedes Element mit key versehen, sodass Callbacks an der richtigen Zeile haften
val activeItems = remember(items) { items.filter { it.isActive } }
activeItems.forEach { item ->
    key(item.id) {
        ActiveItem(item, onClick = { handle(item) })
    }
}

Theming

Material 3 Dynamisches Theming

@Composable
fun AppTheme(
    darkTheme: Boolean = isSystemInDarkTheme(),
    dynamicColor: Boolean = true,
    content: @Composable () -> Unit
) {
    val colorScheme = when {
        dynamicColor && Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.S -> {
            if (darkTheme) dynamicDarkColorScheme(LocalContext.current)
            else dynamicLightColorScheme(LocalContext.current)
        }
        darkTheme -> darkColorScheme()
        else -> lightColorScheme()
    }

    MaterialTheme(colorScheme = colorScheme, content = content)
}

Anti-Patterns, die vermieden werden sollten

  • Verwenden von mutableStateOf in ViewModels, wenn MutableStateFlow mit collectAsStateWithLifecycle sicherer für den Lebenszyklus ist
  • Übergeben von NavController tief in Composables – stattdessen Lambda-Callbacks übergeben
  • Schwere Berechnungen innerhalb von @Composable-Funktionen – in ViewModel oder remember {} verschieben
  • Verwenden von LaunchedEffect(Unit) als Ersatz für ViewModel-Init – es wird bei Konfigurationsänderungen in manchen Setups erneut ausgeführt
  • Erstellen neuer Objektinstanzen in Composable-Parametern – verursacht unnötige Recomposition

Referenzen

Siehe Skill: android-clean-architecture für Modulstruktur und Schichtung. Siehe Skill: kotlin-coroutines-flows für Coroutine- und Flow-Muster.

Individual skills in this repo

This repo contains 20 individual skills — each has its own dedicated page.

accessibility

Design, implement, and audit inclusive digital products using WCAG 2.2 Level AA. Use when building or auditing UI that must meet WCAG 2.2 Level AA, or when reviewing a change for keyboard, contrast, or screen-reader support.

affaan-m/content-engine

Create platform-native content systems for X, LinkedIn, TikTok, YouTube, newsletters, and repurposed multi-platform campaigns. Use when the user wants social posts, threads, scripts, content calendars, or one source asset adapted cleanly across platforms.

affaan-m/ECC

Multi-platform content distribution across X, LinkedIn, Threads, and Bluesky. Adapts content per platform using content-engine patterns. Never posts identical content cross-platform. Use when the user wants to distribute content across social platforms.

affaan-m/fal-ai-media

Unified media generation via fal.ai MCP — image, video, and audio. Covers text-to-image (Nano Banana), text/image-to-video (Seedance, Kling, Veo 3), text-to-speech (CSM-1B), and video-to-audio (ThinkSound). Use when the user wants to generate images, videos, or audio with AI.

affaan-m/manim-video

日本語翻訳:このファイルは manim-video 用の日本語翻訳が必要です

affaan-m/remotion-video-creation

Remotion のベストプラクティス - React で動画を作成する。3D、アニメーション、音声、字幕、チャート、トランジションなどをカバーするドメイン固有の29のルール。

affaan-m/video-editing

AI-assisted video editing workflows for cutting, structuring, and augmenting real footage. Covers the full pipeline from raw capture through FFmpeg, Remotion, ElevenLabs, fal.ai, and final polish in Descript or CapCut. Use when the user wants to edit video, cut footage, create vlogs, or build video content.

agent-architecture-audit

Full-stack diagnostic for agent and LLM applications. Audits the 12-layer agent stack for wrapper regression, memory pollution, tool discipline failures, hidden repair loops, and rendering corruption. Produces severity-ranked findings with code-first fixes. Essential for developers building agent applications, autonomous loops, or any LLM-powered feature. Use when an agent or LLM feature misbehaves and the failing layer is unknown, or before shipping an agent stack.

agent-eval

Head-to-head comparison of coding agents (Claude Code, Aider, Codex, etc.) on custom tasks with pass rate, cost, time, and consistency metrics. Use when choosing between coding agents, or when a change to an agent setup needs measured pass rate, cost, and time rather than an impression.

agent-harness-construction

Design and optimize AI agent action spaces, tool definitions, and observation formatting for higher completion rates. Use when defining or revising an agent

agentic-engineering

Operate as an agentic engineer using eval-first execution, decomposition, and cost-aware model routing. Use when planning or executing engineering work that agents will carry out end to end.

agentic-os

Build persistent multi-agent operating systems on Claude Code. Covers kernel architecture, specialist agents, slash commands, file-based memory, scheduled automation, and state management without external databases. Use when building a persistent multi-agent system on Claude Code with its own memory, commands, and scheduling.

agent-introspection-debugging

Structured self-debugging workflow for AI agent failures using capture, diagnosis, contained recovery, and introspection reports. Use when an agent run fails and you need a reproducible diagnosis instead of a retry.

agent-payment-x402

Add x402 payment execution to AI agents with per-task budgets, spending controls, and non-custodial wallets. Supports Base through agentwallet-sdk and X Layer through OKX Payments / OKX Agent Payments Protocol. Use when an agent must pay for something itself and needs per-task budgets, spending controls, and a non-custodial wallet.

agent-self-evaluation

Use after completing any non-trivial task. The agent self-rates its output on 5 axes — accuracy, completeness, clarity, actionability, conciseness — with concrete evidence per criterion. Produces a structured 1-5 scorecard with specific improvement suggestions.

agent-sort

Build an evidence-backed ECC install plan for a specific repo by sorting skills, commands, rules, hooks, and extras into DAILY vs LIBRARY buckets using parallel repo-aware review passes. Use when ECC should be trimmed to what a project actually needs instead of loading the full bundle.

ai-first-engineering

Engineering operating model for teams where AI agents generate a large share of implementation output. Use when setting team process, review gates, or ownership rules for a codebase largely written by agents.

ai-regression-testing

Regression testing strategies for AI-assisted development. Sandbox-mode API testing without database dependencies, automated bug-check workflows, and patterns to catch AI blind spots where the same model writes and reviews code. Use when adding regression coverage to AI-assisted code, or when the same model both wrote and reviewed a change.

android-clean-architecture

Clean Architecture patterns for Android and Kotlin Multiplatform projects — module structure, dependency rules, UseCases, Repositories, and data layer patterns. Use when structuring modules, layers, or data flow in an Android or KMP project.

angular-developer

Generates Angular code and provides architectural guidance. Trigger when creating projects, components, or services, or for best practices on reactivity (signals, linkedSignal, resource), forms, dependency injection, routing, SSR, accessibility (ARIA), animations, styling (component styles, Tailwind CSS), testing, or CLI tooling.

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