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compose-multiplatform-patterns

Compose Multiplatform 與 Jetpack Compose 在 KMP 專案中的模式,涵蓋狀態管理、導航、主題設定、效能以及平台特定 UI。適用於建構 Compose 或 Jetpack Compose 的 UI、狀態、導航或主題。

compose-multiplatform-patterns 是什麼?

這個技能提供了一套完整的 Compose Multiplatform 與 Jetpack Compose 模式,專為 Kotlin Multiplatform (KMP) 專案設計。它涵蓋了狀態管理(如 ViewModel 搭配單一狀態物件、Event Sink 模式)、型別安全的導航(基於 Compose Navigation 2.8+)、可組合項設計(Slot-Based API、Modifier 順序)、KMP 平台特定 UI(透過 expect/actual)、效能最佳化(穩定型別、derivedStateOf、避免重組分配)、以及 Material 3 動態主題。支援 Android、iOS、Desktop 與 Web 平台,幫助開發者建立一致、高效且可維護的共用 UI。

相容平台~Claude Code~Codex CLI~Cursor
npx skills add https://github.com/affaan-m/ECC/tree/main/skills/compose-multiplatform-patterns

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說明文件

Compose Multiplatform 模式

使用 Compose Multiplatform 和 Jetpack Compose 在 Android、iOS、Desktop 和 Web 上建構共用 UI 的模式。涵蓋狀態管理、導航、主題設定和效能。

何時啟用

  • 建構 Compose UI(Jetpack Compose 或 Compose Multiplatform)
  • 使用 ViewModel 和 Compose 狀態管理 UI 狀態
  • 在 KMP 或 Android 專案中實作導航
  • 設計可重複使用的可組合項和設計系統
  • 最佳化重組和渲染效能

狀態管理

ViewModel + 單一狀態物件

使用單一 data class 表示螢幕狀態。將其暴露為 StateFlow 並在 Compose 中收集:

data class ItemListState(
    val items: List<Item> = emptyList(),
    val isLoading: Boolean = false,
    val error: String? = null,
    val searchQuery: String = ""
)

class ItemListViewModel(
    private val getItems: GetItemsUseCase
) : ViewModel() {
    private val _state = MutableStateFlow(ItemListState())
    val state: StateFlow<ItemListState> = _state.asStateFlow()

    fun onSearch(query: String) {
        _state.update { it.copy(searchQuery = query) }
        loadItems(query)
    }

    private fun loadItems(query: String) {
        viewModelScope.launch {
            _state.update { it.copy(isLoading = true) }
            getItems(query).fold(
                onSuccess = { items -> _state.update { it.copy(items = items, isLoading = false) } },
                onFailure = { e -> _state.update { it.copy(error = e.message, isLoading = false) } }
            )
        }
    }
}

在 Compose 中收集狀態

@Composable
fun ItemListScreen(viewModel: ItemListViewModel = koinViewModel()) {
    val state by viewModel.state.collectAsStateWithLifecycle()

    ItemListContent(
        state = state,
        onSearch = viewModel::onSearch
    )
}

@Composable
private fun ItemListContent(
    state: ItemListState,
    onSearch: (String) -> Unit
) {
    // 無狀態的可組合項 — 易於預覽和測試
}

Event Sink 模式

對於複雜的螢幕,使用 sealed interface 來表示事件,而不是多個回呼 lambda:

sealed interface ItemListEvent {
    data class Search(val query: String) : ItemListEvent
    data class Delete(val itemId: String) : ItemListEvent
    data object Refresh : ItemListEvent
}

// 在 ViewModel 中
fun onEvent(event: ItemListEvent) {
    when (event) {
        is ItemListEvent.Search -> onSearch(event.query)
        is ItemListEvent.Delete -> deleteItem(event.itemId)
        is ItemListEvent.Refresh -> loadItems(_state.value.searchQuery)
    }
}

// 在可組合項中 — 使用單一 lambda 取代多個
ItemListContent(
    state = state,
    onEvent = viewModel::onEvent
)

導航

型別安全導航(Compose Navigation 2.8+)

將路由定義為 @Serializable 物件:

@Serializable data object HomeRoute
@Serializable data class DetailRoute(val id: String)
@Serializable data object SettingsRoute

@Composable
fun AppNavHost(navController: NavHostController = rememberNavController()) {
    NavHost(navController, startDestination = HomeRoute) {
        composable<HomeRoute> {
            HomeScreen(onNavigateToDetail = { id -> navController.navigate(DetailRoute(id)) })
        }
        composable<DetailRoute> { backStackEntry ->
            val route = backStackEntry.toRoute<DetailRoute>()
            DetailScreen(id = route.id)
        }
        composable<SettingsRoute> { SettingsScreen() }
    }
}

對話框和底部工作表導航

使用 dialog() 和疊加模式,而不是命令式顯示/隱藏:

NavHost(navController, startDestination = HomeRoute) {
    composable<HomeRoute> { /* ... */ }
    dialog<ConfirmDeleteRoute> { backStackEntry ->
        val route = backStackEntry.toRoute<ConfirmDeleteRoute>()
        ConfirmDeleteDialog(
            itemId = route.itemId,
            onConfirm = { navController.popBackStack() },
            onDismiss = { navController.popBackStack() }
        )
    }
}

可組合項設計

基於插槽的 API

使用插槽參數設計可組合項以獲得靈活性:

@Composable
fun AppCard(
    modifier: Modifier = Modifier,
    header: @Composable () -> Unit = {},
    content: @Composable ColumnScope.() -> Unit,
    actions: @Composable RowScope.() -> Unit = {}
) {
    Card(modifier = modifier) {
        Column {
            header()
            Column(content = content)
            Row(horizontalArrangement = Arrangement.End, content = actions)
        }
    }
}

Modifier 順序

Modifier 的順序很重要 — 按以下順序套用:

Text(
    text = "Hello",
    modifier = Modifier
        .padding(16.dp)          // 1. 佈局 (padding, size)
        .clip(RoundedCornerShape(8.dp))  // 2. 形狀
        .background(Color.White) // 3. 繪製 (background, border)
        .clickable { }           // 4. 互動
)

KMP 平台特定 UI

expect/actual 用於平台可組合項

// commonMain
@Composable
expect fun PlatformStatusBar(darkIcons: Boolean)

// androidMain
@Composable
actual fun PlatformStatusBar(darkIcons: Boolean) {
    val systemUiController = rememberSystemUiController()
    SideEffect { systemUiController.setStatusBarColor(Color.Transparent, darkIcons) }
}

// iosMain
@Composable
actual fun PlatformStatusBar(darkIcons: Boolean) {
    // iOS 透過 UIKit 互操作或 Info.plist 處理
}

效能

穩定型別以實現可跳過重組

當所有屬性都穩定時,將類別標記為 @Stable 或 @Immutable:

@Immutable
data class ItemUiModel(
    val id: String,
    val title: String,
    val description: String,
    val progress: Float
)

正確使用 key() 和 Lazy List

LazyColumn {
    items(
        items = items,
        key = { it.id }  // 穩定的鍵啟用項目重用和動畫
    ) { item ->
        ItemRow(item = item)
    }
}

使用 derivedStateOf 延遲讀取

val listState = rememberLazyListState()
val showScrollToTop by remember {
    derivedStateOf { listState.firstVisibleItemIndex > 5 }
}

避免在重組中分配記憶體

// 不好 — 每次重組都會建立新的 lambda 和 list
items.filter { it.isActive }.forEach { ActiveItem(it, onClick = { handle(it) }) }

// 好 — 為每個項目設定鍵值,以便回呼始終附加到正確的行
val activeItems = remember(items) { items.filter { it.isActive } }
activeItems.forEach { item ->
    key(item.id) {
        ActiveItem(item, onClick = { handle(item) })
    }
}

主題設定

Material 3 動態主題

@Composable
fun AppTheme(
    darkTheme: Boolean = isSystemInDarkTheme(),
    dynamicColor: Boolean = true,
    content: @Composable () -> Unit
) {
    val colorScheme = when {
        dynamicColor && Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.S -> {
            if (darkTheme) dynamicDarkColorScheme(LocalContext.current)
            else dynamicLightColorScheme(LocalContext.current)
        }
        darkTheme -> darkColorScheme()
        else -> lightColorScheme()
    }

    MaterialTheme(colorScheme = colorScheme, content = content)
}

應避免的反模式

  • 在 ViewModel 中使用 mutableStateOf,而 MutableStateFlow 搭配 collectAsStateWithLifecycle 對生命週期更安全
  • 將 NavController 深入傳遞給可組合項 — 改為傳遞 lambda 回呼
  • 在 @Composable 函式中進行大量計算 — 移至 ViewModel 或 remember {}
  • 使用 LaunchedEffect(Unit) 作為 ViewModel 初始化的替代方案 — 在某些設定中,它會在配置變更時重新執行
  • 在可組合項參數中建立新的物件實例 — 會導致不必要的重組

參考資料

請參閱技能:android-clean-architecture 以了解模組結構和分層。 請參閱技能:kotlin-coroutines-flows 以了解協程和 Flow 模式。

Individual skills in this repo

This repo contains 20 individual skills — each has its own dedicated page.

accessibility

Design, implement, and audit inclusive digital products using WCAG 2.2 Level AA. Use when building or auditing UI that must meet WCAG 2.2 Level AA, or when reviewing a change for keyboard, contrast, or screen-reader support.

affaan-m/content-engine

Create platform-native content systems for X, LinkedIn, TikTok, YouTube, newsletters, and repurposed multi-platform campaigns. Use when the user wants social posts, threads, scripts, content calendars, or one source asset adapted cleanly across platforms.

affaan-m/ECC

Multi-platform content distribution across X, LinkedIn, Threads, and Bluesky. Adapts content per platform using content-engine patterns. Never posts identical content cross-platform. Use when the user wants to distribute content across social platforms.

affaan-m/fal-ai-media

Unified media generation via fal.ai MCP — image, video, and audio. Covers text-to-image (Nano Banana), text/image-to-video (Seedance, Kling, Veo 3), text-to-speech (CSM-1B), and video-to-audio (ThinkSound). Use when the user wants to generate images, videos, or audio with AI.

affaan-m/manim-video

日本語翻訳:このファイルは manim-video 用の日本語翻訳が必要です

affaan-m/remotion-video-creation

Remotion のベストプラクティス - React で動画を作成する。3D、アニメーション、音声、字幕、チャート、トランジションなどをカバーするドメイン固有の29のルール。

affaan-m/video-editing

AI-assisted video editing workflows for cutting, structuring, and augmenting real footage. Covers the full pipeline from raw capture through FFmpeg, Remotion, ElevenLabs, fal.ai, and final polish in Descript or CapCut. Use when the user wants to edit video, cut footage, create vlogs, or build video content.

agent-architecture-audit

Full-stack diagnostic for agent and LLM applications. Audits the 12-layer agent stack for wrapper regression, memory pollution, tool discipline failures, hidden repair loops, and rendering corruption. Produces severity-ranked findings with code-first fixes. Essential for developers building agent applications, autonomous loops, or any LLM-powered feature. Use when an agent or LLM feature misbehaves and the failing layer is unknown, or before shipping an agent stack.

agent-eval

Head-to-head comparison of coding agents (Claude Code, Aider, Codex, etc.) on custom tasks with pass rate, cost, time, and consistency metrics. Use when choosing between coding agents, or when a change to an agent setup needs measured pass rate, cost, and time rather than an impression.

agent-harness-construction

Design and optimize AI agent action spaces, tool definitions, and observation formatting for higher completion rates. Use when defining or revising an agent

agentic-engineering

Operate as an agentic engineer using eval-first execution, decomposition, and cost-aware model routing. Use when planning or executing engineering work that agents will carry out end to end.

agentic-os

Build persistent multi-agent operating systems on Claude Code. Covers kernel architecture, specialist agents, slash commands, file-based memory, scheduled automation, and state management without external databases. Use when building a persistent multi-agent system on Claude Code with its own memory, commands, and scheduling.

agent-introspection-debugging

Structured self-debugging workflow for AI agent failures using capture, diagnosis, contained recovery, and introspection reports. Use when an agent run fails and you need a reproducible diagnosis instead of a retry.

agent-payment-x402

Add x402 payment execution to AI agents with per-task budgets, spending controls, and non-custodial wallets. Supports Base through agentwallet-sdk and X Layer through OKX Payments / OKX Agent Payments Protocol. Use when an agent must pay for something itself and needs per-task budgets, spending controls, and a non-custodial wallet.

agent-self-evaluation

Use after completing any non-trivial task. The agent self-rates its output on 5 axes — accuracy, completeness, clarity, actionability, conciseness — with concrete evidence per criterion. Produces a structured 1-5 scorecard with specific improvement suggestions.

agent-sort

Build an evidence-backed ECC install plan for a specific repo by sorting skills, commands, rules, hooks, and extras into DAILY vs LIBRARY buckets using parallel repo-aware review passes. Use when ECC should be trimmed to what a project actually needs instead of loading the full bundle.

ai-first-engineering

Engineering operating model for teams where AI agents generate a large share of implementation output. Use when setting team process, review gates, or ownership rules for a codebase largely written by agents.

ai-regression-testing

Regression testing strategies for AI-assisted development. Sandbox-mode API testing without database dependencies, automated bug-check workflows, and patterns to catch AI blind spots where the same model writes and reviews code. Use when adding regression coverage to AI-assisted code, or when the same model both wrote and reviewed a change.

android-clean-architecture

Clean Architecture patterns for Android and Kotlin Multiplatform projects — module structure, dependency rules, UseCases, Repositories, and data layer patterns. Use when structuring modules, layers, or data flow in an Android or KMP project.

angular-developer

Generates Angular code and provides architectural guidance. Trigger when creating projects, components, or services, or for best practices on reactivity (signals, linkedSignal, resource), forms, dependency injection, routing, SSR, accessibility (ARIA), animations, styling (component styles, Tailwind CSS), testing, or CLI tooling.

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