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Compose Multiplatform 模式

用于KMP项目的Compose Multiplatform和Jetpack Compose模式——涵盖状态管理、导航、主题、性能以及平台特定UI。在构建Compose或Jetpack Compose UI、状态、导航或KMP项目主题时使用。

Compose Multiplatform 模式 是什么?

此技能提供了构建在Android、iOS、桌面和Web上共享UI的Compose Multiplatform和Jetpack Compose的模式。它涵盖了状态管理(如ViewModel与单个状态对象、事件汇聚模式)、导航(类型安全导航、对话框和底部表单导航)、可组合函数设计(基于插槽的API、修饰符顺序)、KMP平台特定UI(使用expect/actual)、性能优化(稳定类型、正确使用key()和惰性列表、deferredStateOf、避免重组中的分配)以及主题(Material 3动态主题)。该技能支持Claude Code、Cursor和Codex等AI代理平台,并引用了android-clean-architecture和kotlin-coroutines-flows等其他技能以获得更广泛的项目上下文。通过遵循这些模式,开发者可以构建可维护、高性能且跨平台的Kotlin多平台UI应用程序,避免常见反模式。

兼容平台~Claude Code~Codex CLI~Cursor
npx skills add https://github.com/affaan-m/ECC/tree/main/skills/compose-multiplatform-patterns

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文档

Compose Multiplatform 模式 是做什么的?

使用 Compose Multiplatform 和 Jetpack Compose 在 Android、iOS、桌面和 Web 上构建共享 UI 的模式。涵盖状态管理、导航、主题和性能。

何时激活

  • 构建 Compose UI(Jetpack Compose 或 Compose Multiplatform)
  • 使用 ViewModel 和 Compose 状态管理 UI 状态
  • 在 KMP 或 Android 项目中实现导航
  • 设计可重用的可组合函数和设计系统
  • 优化重组和渲染性能

状态管理

ViewModel + 单一状态对象

使用单一数据类表示屏幕状态。将其公开为 StateFlow 并在 Compose 中收集:

data class ItemListState(
    val items: List<Item> = emptyList(),
    val isLoading: Boolean = false,
    val error: String? = null,
    val searchQuery: String = ""
)

class ItemListViewModel(
    private val getItems: GetItemsUseCase
) : ViewModel() {
    private val _state = MutableStateFlow(ItemListState())
    val state: StateFlow<ItemListState> = _state.asStateFlow()

    fun onSearch(query: String) {
        _state.update { it.copy(searchQuery = query) }
        loadItems(query)
    }

    private fun loadItems(query: String) {
        viewModelScope.launch {
            _state.update { it.copy(isLoading = true) }
            getItems(query).fold(
                onSuccess = { items -> _state.update { it.copy(items = items, isLoading = false) } },
                onFailure = { e -> _state.update { it.copy(error = e.message, isLoading = false) } }
            )
        }
    }
}

在 Compose 中收集状态

@Composable
fun ItemListScreen(viewModel: ItemListViewModel = koinViewModel()) {
    val state by viewModel.state.collectAsStateWithLifecycle()

    ItemListContent(
        state = state,
        onSearch = viewModel::onSearch
    )
}

@Composable
private fun ItemListContent(
    state: ItemListState,
    onSearch: (String) -> Unit
) {
    // 无状态可组合函数——易于预览和测试
}

事件汇聚模式

对于复杂屏幕,使用密封接口表示事件,而不是多个回调 lambda:

sealed interface ItemListEvent {
    data class Search(val query: String) : ItemListEvent
    data class Delete(val itemId: String) : ItemListEvent
    data object Refresh : ItemListEvent
}

// 在 ViewModel 中
fun onEvent(event: ItemListEvent) {
    when (event) {
        is ItemListEvent.Search -> onSearch(event.query)
        is ItemListEvent.Delete -> deleteItem(event.itemId)
        is ItemListEvent.Refresh -> loadItems(_state.value.searchQuery)
    }
}

// 在可组合函数中——使用单个 lambda 代替多个
ItemListContent(
    state = state,
    onEvent = viewModel::onEvent
)

导航

类型安全导航(Compose Navigation 2.8+)

将路由定义为 @Serializable 对象:

@Serializable data object HomeRoute
@Serializable data class DetailRoute(val id: String)
@Serializable data object SettingsRoute

@Composable
fun AppNavHost(navController: NavHostController = rememberNavController()) {
    NavHost(navController, startDestination = HomeRoute) {
        composable<HomeRoute> {
            HomeScreen(onNavigateToDetail = { id -> navController.navigate(DetailRoute(id)) })
        }
        composable<DetailRoute> { backStackEntry ->
            val route = backStackEntry.toRoute<DetailRoute>()
            DetailScreen(id = route.id)
        }
        composable<SettingsRoute> { SettingsScreen() }
    }
}

对话框和底部表单导航

使用 dialog() 和覆盖模式代替命令式显示/隐藏:

NavHost(navController, startDestination = HomeRoute) {
    composable<HomeRoute> { /* ... */ }
    dialog<ConfirmDeleteRoute> { backStackEntry ->
        val route = backStackEntry.toRoute<ConfirmDeleteRoute>()
        ConfirmDeleteDialog(
            itemId = route.itemId,
            onConfirm = { navController.popBackStack() },
            onDismiss = { navController.popBackStack() }
        )
    }
}

可组合函数设计

基于插槽的 API

设计具有插槽参数的可组合函数以实现灵活性:

@Composable
fun AppCard(
    modifier: Modifier = Modifier,
    header: @Composable () -> Unit = {},
    content: @Composable ColumnScope.() -> Unit,
    actions: @Composable RowScope.() -> Unit = {}
) {
    Card(modifier = modifier) {
        Column {
            header()
            Column(content = content)
            Row(horizontalArrangement = Arrangement.End, content = actions)
        }
    }
}

修饰符顺序

修饰符顺序很重要——按以下顺序应用:

Text(
    text = "Hello",
    modifier = Modifier
        .padding(16.dp)          // 1. 布局(padding, size)
        .clip(RoundedCornerShape(8.dp))  // 2. 形状
        .background(Color.White) // 3. 绘制(background, border)
        .clickable { }           // 4. 交互
)

KMP 平台特定 UI

expect/actual 用于平台可组合函数

// commonMain
@Composable
expect fun PlatformStatusBar(darkIcons: Boolean)

// androidMain
@Composable
actual fun PlatformStatusBar(darkIcons: Boolean) {
    val systemUiController = rememberSystemUiController()
    SideEffect { systemUiController.setStatusBarColor(Color.Transparent, darkIcons) }
}

// iosMain
@Composable
actual fun PlatformStatusBar(darkIcons: Boolean) {
    // iOS 通过 UIKit 互操作或 Info.plist 处理
}

性能

稳定类型以实现可跳过重组

当所有属性都稳定时,将类标记为 @Stable 或 @Immutable:

@Immutable
data class ItemUiModel(
    val id: String,
    val title: String,
    val description: String,
    val progress: Float
)

正确使用 key() 和惰性列表

LazyColumn {
    items(
        items = items,
        key = { it.id }  // 稳定的键支持项目重用和动画
    ) { item ->
        ItemRow(item = item)
    }
}

使用 derivedStateOf 延迟读取

val listState = rememberLazyListState()
val showScrollToTop by remember {
    derivedStateOf { listState.firstVisibleItemIndex > 5 }
}

避免在重组中分配

// 错误——每次重组都创建新的 lambda 和列表
items.filter { it.isActive }.forEach { ActiveItem(it, onClick = { handle(it) }) }

// 正确——为每个项目设置键,使回调绑定到正确的行
val activeItems = remember(items) { items.filter { it.isActive } }
activeItems.forEach { item ->
    key(item.id) {
        ActiveItem(item, onClick = { handle(item) })
    }
}

主题

Material 3 动态主题

@Composable
fun AppTheme(
    darkTheme: Boolean = isSystemInDarkTheme(),
    dynamicColor: Boolean = true,
    content: @Composable () -> Unit
) {
    val colorScheme = when {
        dynamicColor && Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.S -> {
            if (darkTheme) dynamicDarkColorScheme(LocalContext.current)
            else dynamicLightColorScheme(LocalContext.current)
        }
        darkTheme -> darkColorScheme()
        else -> lightColorScheme()
    }

    MaterialTheme(colorScheme = colorScheme, content = content)
}

应避免的反模式

  • 在 ViewModel 中使用 mutableStateOf 而不是 MutableStateFlow + collectAsStateWithLifecycle,后者对于生命周期更安全
  • 将 NavController 深层传递到可组合函数中——应传递 lambda 回调
  • 在 @Composable 函数中进行繁重计算——移到 ViewModel 或 remember {} 中
  • 使用 LaunchedEffect(Unit) 代替 ViewModel 初始化——在某些设置中它会在配置更改时重新运行
  • 在可组合参数中创建新的对象实例——会导致不必要的重组

参考

参见技能:android-clean-architecture 了解模块结构和分层。 参见技能:kotlin-coroutines-flows 了解协程和 Flow 模式。

Individual skills in this repo

This repo contains 20 individual skills — each has its own dedicated page.

accessibility

Design, implement, and audit inclusive digital products using WCAG 2.2 Level AA. Use when building or auditing UI that must meet WCAG 2.2 Level AA, or when reviewing a change for keyboard, contrast, or screen-reader support.

affaan-m/content-engine

Create platform-native content systems for X, LinkedIn, TikTok, YouTube, newsletters, and repurposed multi-platform campaigns. Use when the user wants social posts, threads, scripts, content calendars, or one source asset adapted cleanly across platforms.

affaan-m/ECC

Multi-platform content distribution across X, LinkedIn, Threads, and Bluesky. Adapts content per platform using content-engine patterns. Never posts identical content cross-platform. Use when the user wants to distribute content across social platforms.

affaan-m/fal-ai-media

Unified media generation via fal.ai MCP — image, video, and audio. Covers text-to-image (Nano Banana), text/image-to-video (Seedance, Kling, Veo 3), text-to-speech (CSM-1B), and video-to-audio (ThinkSound). Use when the user wants to generate images, videos, or audio with AI.

affaan-m/manim-video

日本語翻訳:このファイルは manim-video 用の日本語翻訳が必要です

affaan-m/remotion-video-creation

Remotion のベストプラクティス - React で動画を作成する。3D、アニメーション、音声、字幕、チャート、トランジションなどをカバーするドメイン固有の29のルール。

affaan-m/video-editing

AI-assisted video editing workflows for cutting, structuring, and augmenting real footage. Covers the full pipeline from raw capture through FFmpeg, Remotion, ElevenLabs, fal.ai, and final polish in Descript or CapCut. Use when the user wants to edit video, cut footage, create vlogs, or build video content.

agent-architecture-audit

Full-stack diagnostic for agent and LLM applications. Audits the 12-layer agent stack for wrapper regression, memory pollution, tool discipline failures, hidden repair loops, and rendering corruption. Produces severity-ranked findings with code-first fixes. Essential for developers building agent applications, autonomous loops, or any LLM-powered feature. Use when an agent or LLM feature misbehaves and the failing layer is unknown, or before shipping an agent stack.

agent-eval

Head-to-head comparison of coding agents (Claude Code, Aider, Codex, etc.) on custom tasks with pass rate, cost, time, and consistency metrics. Use when choosing between coding agents, or when a change to an agent setup needs measured pass rate, cost, and time rather than an impression.

agent-harness-construction

Design and optimize AI agent action spaces, tool definitions, and observation formatting for higher completion rates. Use when defining or revising an agent

agentic-engineering

Operate as an agentic engineer using eval-first execution, decomposition, and cost-aware model routing. Use when planning or executing engineering work that agents will carry out end to end.

agentic-os

Build persistent multi-agent operating systems on Claude Code. Covers kernel architecture, specialist agents, slash commands, file-based memory, scheduled automation, and state management without external databases. Use when building a persistent multi-agent system on Claude Code with its own memory, commands, and scheduling.

agent-introspection-debugging

Structured self-debugging workflow for AI agent failures using capture, diagnosis, contained recovery, and introspection reports. Use when an agent run fails and you need a reproducible diagnosis instead of a retry.

agent-payment-x402

Add x402 payment execution to AI agents with per-task budgets, spending controls, and non-custodial wallets. Supports Base through agentwallet-sdk and X Layer through OKX Payments / OKX Agent Payments Protocol. Use when an agent must pay for something itself and needs per-task budgets, spending controls, and a non-custodial wallet.

agent-self-evaluation

Use after completing any non-trivial task. The agent self-rates its output on 5 axes — accuracy, completeness, clarity, actionability, conciseness — with concrete evidence per criterion. Produces a structured 1-5 scorecard with specific improvement suggestions.

agent-sort

Build an evidence-backed ECC install plan for a specific repo by sorting skills, commands, rules, hooks, and extras into DAILY vs LIBRARY buckets using parallel repo-aware review passes. Use when ECC should be trimmed to what a project actually needs instead of loading the full bundle.

ai-first-engineering

Engineering operating model for teams where AI agents generate a large share of implementation output. Use when setting team process, review gates, or ownership rules for a codebase largely written by agents.

ai-regression-testing

Regression testing strategies for AI-assisted development. Sandbox-mode API testing without database dependencies, automated bug-check workflows, and patterns to catch AI blind spots where the same model writes and reviews code. Use when adding regression coverage to AI-assisted code, or when the same model both wrote and reviewed a change.

android-clean-architecture

Clean Architecture patterns for Android and Kotlin Multiplatform projects — module structure, dependency rules, UseCases, Repositories, and data layer patterns. Use when structuring modules, layers, or data flow in an Android or KMP project.

angular-developer

Generates Angular code and provides architectural guidance. Trigger when creating projects, components, or services, or for best practices on reactivity (signals, linkedSignal, resource), forms, dependency injection, routing, SSR, accessibility (ARIA), animations, styling (component styles, Tailwind CSS), testing, or CLI tooling.

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