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Webサーバーログの侵入分析

ApacheおよびNginxのアクセスログを解析してSQLインジェクション試行などの侵入を検出します。

Webサーバーログの侵入分析 とは？

このスキルは、ApacheやNginxのアクセスログ（Combined Log Format / Nginx標準形式）を解析し、SQLインジェクション、LFI/パストラバーサル、XSS、スキャナーのシグネチャ、ブルートフォースといった一般的な攻撃パターンを自動検出します。Pythonスクリプト (`agent.py`) を使用してログファイルを処理し、GeoIPデータでエンリッチした上で優先順位付きのレポートを生成します。SOCアナリストやセキュリティエンジニアがインシデント調査、検知ルールの開発、脅威ハンティング、セキュリティ監視の有効性検証を行う際に役立ちます。主なプラットフォームはApacheとNginxの両方をサポートし、`pip install geoip2 user-agents` で依存関係をインストールして使用します。

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ドキュメント

Webサーバーログの侵入分析 は何をしますか？

使用タイミング

  • セキュリティインシデントを調査する際に、Webサーバーログを対象とした侵入分析が必要な場合
  • このドメインに関連する検知ルールや脅威ハンティングクエリを作成する場合
  • SOCアナリストがこの分析タイプに対応した構造化された手順を必要とする場合
  • 関連する攻撃手法に対するセキュリティ監視のカバレッジを検証する場合

前提条件

  • セキュリティ運用の概念とツールに関する知識
  • 安全に実行可能なテストまたはラボ環境へのアクセス
  • Python 3.8以上と必要な依存関係のインストール
  • テスト活動に対する適切な許可

手順

  1. 依存関係をインストール: pip install geoip2 user-agents
  2. Webサーバーのアクセスログを収集します (ApacheのCombined Log FormatまたはNginxの標準形式)。
  3. 各ログエントリから以下を抽出: IP、タイムスタンプ、メソッド、URI、ステータスコード、応答サイズ、ユーザーエージェント、リファラー。
  4. 検知ルールを適用:
    • SQLインジェクション: UNION SELECT、OR 1=1、' OR '、16進エンコードパターン
    • LFI/パストラバーサル: ../、/etc/passwd、/proc/self、php://filter
    • XSS: <script>、javascript:、onerror=、onload=
    • スキャナーシグネチャ: nikto、sqlmap、dirbuster、gobuster、wfuzzのユーザーエージェント
    • ブルートフォース: 同一IPから5分以内にログインエンドポイントへのPOSTリクエストが50件以上
  5. GeoIPデータでエンリッチし、優先順位付きの検出結果レポートを生成します。
python scripts/agent.py --log-file /var/log/nginx/access.log --geoip-db GeoLite2-City.mmdb --output web_intrusion_report.json

例

URI内のSQLインジェクションを検出

192.168.1.100 - - [15/Jan/2024:10:30:45 +0000] "GET /products?id=1' UNION SELECT username,password FROM users-- HTTP/1.1" 200 4532

スキャナーユーザーエージェントの検出

Nikto/2.1.6, sqlmap/1.7, DirBuster-1.0-RC1, gobuster/3.1.0

Individual skills in this repo

This repo contains 20 individual skills — each has its own dedicated page.

abusing-dpapi-for-credential-access

Extract and decrypt Windows DPAPI-protected secrets (Credential Manager, browser logins/cookies, Wi-Fi credentials, KeePass keys) online or offline using SharpDPAPI, SharpChrome, Mimikatz, or Impacket

abusing-shadow-credentials-for-privesc

Take over Active Directory accounts by writing attacker-controlled public keys to msDS-KeyCredentialLink (Shadow Credentials) with pyWhisker, Whisker, or Certipy, then authenticate via PKINIT to recover the target

achieving-cmmc-level-2-compliance

>-

acquiring-disk-image-with-dd-and-dcfldd

Create forensically sound bit-for-bit disk images with dd or dcfldd on a Linux forensic workstation, preserving evidence integrity through hash verification (MD5/SHA) during acquisition. Use when imaging a suspect drive, USB device, or memory card for investigation, preserving volatile disk evidence during incident response, or producing a verified copy for legal or law-enforcement proceedings before any destructive analysis.

analyzing-active-directory-acl-abuse

Detect dangerous ACL misconfigurations in Active Directory using ldap3

analyzing-android-malware-with-apktool

Perform static analysis of Android APK malware using apktool for resource decompilation, jadx for Java source recovery, and androguard for manifest inspection, dangerous permission-combination detection, and identification of obfuscated code, dynamic code loading, and reflection-based API calls. Use to statically triage a suspicious APK without executing it or to build mobile malware detection rules.

analyzing-api-gateway-access-logs

Parses API Gateway access logs (AWS API Gateway, Kong, Nginx) to detect

analyzing-apt-group-with-mitre-navigator

Query ATT&CK data with attackcti, mitreattack-python, and stix2, then build MITRE ATT&CK Navigator layers and multi-layer heatmap overlays mapping one or more APT groups

analyzing-azure-activity-logs-for-threats

Queries Azure Monitor activity logs and sign-in logs via azure-monitor-query

analyzing-bootkit-and-rootkit-samples

Analyzes bootkit and advanced rootkit malware infecting the Master

analyzing-browser-forensics-with-hindsight

Parse Chromium-based browser databases with Hindsight to extract and correlate browsing history, downloads, cookies, cached content, autofill data, saved passwords, and extensions from Chrome, Edge, Brave, Opera, and Vivaldi into a unified timeline (XLSX, JSON, or SQLite output). Use during incident response, insider-threat investigations, or criminal cases when you need to reconstruct a user

analyzing-campaign-attribution-evidence

Systematically evaluate cyber-campaign evidence to attribute an operation to a threat actor, using the Diamond Model and Analysis of Competing Hypotheses (ACH) to weigh infrastructure overlaps, TTP consistency, malware code similarity, and timing/language artifacts into confidence-weighted attribution assessments. Use when an incident investigation needs a defensible attribution confidence level.

analyzing-certificate-transparency-for-phishing

Monitor Certificate Transparency logs using crt.sh and Certstream to

analyzing-cloud-storage-access-patterns

Detect abnormal access in AWS S3, GCS, and Azure Blob Storage by analyzing CloudTrail Data Events, GCS audit logs, and Azure Storage Analytics for after-hours bulk downloads, new-IP access, and API-call spikes (e.g. GetObject) via statistical baselines and time-series anomaly detection. Use when investigating suspected cloud data exfiltration or building related detection rules.

analyzing-cobalt-strike-beacon-configuration

Extract and analyze Cobalt Strike beacon configuration from PE files

analyzing-cobaltstrike-malleable-c2-profiles

Parse and analyze Cobalt Strike Malleable C2 profiles with dissect.cobaltstrike (profiles and beacon-payload configs) and pyMalleableC2 (AST parsing) to extract HTTP/DNS transforms, URIs, headers, sleep/jitter, and injection behavior, then generate network detection signatures. Use when reverse-engineering a captured malleable profile or building detections against Cobalt Strike Beacon traffic.

analyzing-command-and-control-communication

Analyzes malware C2 communication over HTTP, HTTPS, DNS, and custom

analyzing-cyber-kill-chain

Analyzes intrusion activity against the Lockheed Martin Cyber Kill Chain

analyzing-disk-image-with-autopsy

Perform comprehensive forensic analysis of raw (dd), E01, or AFF disk images with Autopsy and The Sleuth Kit, recovering deleted files, examining metadata and embedded artifacts, keyword searching, and building investigation timelines with visual reports. Use for structured analysis of a forensic disk image or when stakeholders need visual reports from evidence.

analyzing-dns-logs-for-exfiltration

Analyzes DNS query logs to detect data exfiltration via DNS tunneling,

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