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分析Web服务器日志中的入侵行为

解析Apache和Nginx访问日志,检测SQL注入尝试等入侵行为。

分析Web服务器日志中的入侵行为 是什么?

该技能专注于解析Apache和Nginx的Web服务器访问日志,以识别并检测常见的网络入侵行为,例如SQL注入、本地文件包含(LFI/路径遍历)、跨站脚本攻击(XSS)以及暴力破解和扫描器特征。它为安全分析师和SOC团队提供了一套结构化的操作流程,包括日志收集、解析、规则匹配、威胁情报丰富(如GeoIP定位)以及生成优先级报告。该过程支持Python脚本自动化执行,适用于安全事件调查、威胁狩猎规则构建以及安全监控覆盖验证等场景。用户需具备安全运营基础知识及相应的实验环境授权,确保测试活动合法合规。通过脚本自动解析Combined Log Format或Nginx默认格式的日志,并应用多类检测规则,最终输出一份详细的入侵发现报告。

兼容平台~Claude Code~Codex CLI~Cursor
npx skills add https://github.com/mukul975/Anthropic-Cybersecurity-Skills/tree/main/skills/analyzing-web-server-logs-for-intrusion

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文档

分析Web服务器日志中的入侵行为 是做什么的?

何时使用

  • 在调查需要分析Web服务器日志以发现入侵行为的安全事件时
  • 在为此领域构建检测规则或威胁狩猎查询时
  • 当SOC分析师需要此分析类型的结构化流程时
  • 在验证相关攻击技术的安全监控覆盖范围时

前提条件

  • 熟悉安全运营概念和工具
  • 能够访问测试或实验环境以安全执行
  • Python 3.8+ 并安装所需依赖
  • 对任何测试活动拥有适当的授权

操作说明

  1. 安装依赖:pip install geoip2 user-agents
  2. 收集Combined Log Format(Apache)或Nginx默认格式的Web服务器访问日志。
  3. 解析每条日志条目,提取:IP、时间戳、方法、URI、状态码、响应大小、用户代理、引用来源。
  4. 应用检测规则:
    • SQL注入:UNION SELECT、OR 1=1、' OR '、十六进制编码模式
    • LFI/路径遍历:../、/etc/passwd、/proc/self、php://filter
    • XSS:<script>、javascript:、onerror=、onload=
    • 扫描器特征:nikto、sqlmap、dirbuster、gobuster、wfuzz 用户代理
    • 暴力破解:在5分钟内,来自同一IP对登录端点的POST请求超过50次
  5. 使用GeoIP数据丰富信息,并生成一份优先级排序的发现报告。
python scripts/agent.py --log-file /var/log/nginx/access.log --geoip-db GeoLite2-City.mmdb --output web_intrusion_report.json

示例

检测URI中的SQLi

192.168.1.100 - - [15/Jan/2024:10:30:45 +0000] "GET /products?id=1' UNION SELECT username,password FROM users-- HTTP/1.1" 200 4532

扫描器用户代理检测

Nikto/2.1.6, sqlmap/1.7, DirBuster-1.0-RC1, gobuster/3.1.0

Individual skills in this repo

This repo contains 20 individual skills — each has its own dedicated page.

abusing-dpapi-for-credential-access

Extract and decrypt Windows DPAPI-protected secrets (Credential Manager, browser logins/cookies, Wi-Fi credentials, KeePass keys) online or offline using SharpDPAPI, SharpChrome, Mimikatz, or Impacket

abusing-shadow-credentials-for-privesc

Take over Active Directory accounts by writing attacker-controlled public keys to msDS-KeyCredentialLink (Shadow Credentials) with pyWhisker, Whisker, or Certipy, then authenticate via PKINIT to recover the target

achieving-cmmc-level-2-compliance

>-

acquiring-disk-image-with-dd-and-dcfldd

Create forensically sound bit-for-bit disk images with dd or dcfldd on a Linux forensic workstation, preserving evidence integrity through hash verification (MD5/SHA) during acquisition. Use when imaging a suspect drive, USB device, or memory card for investigation, preserving volatile disk evidence during incident response, or producing a verified copy for legal or law-enforcement proceedings before any destructive analysis.

analyzing-active-directory-acl-abuse

Detect dangerous ACL misconfigurations in Active Directory using ldap3

analyzing-android-malware-with-apktool

Perform static analysis of Android APK malware using apktool for resource decompilation, jadx for Java source recovery, and androguard for manifest inspection, dangerous permission-combination detection, and identification of obfuscated code, dynamic code loading, and reflection-based API calls. Use to statically triage a suspicious APK without executing it or to build mobile malware detection rules.

analyzing-api-gateway-access-logs

Parses API Gateway access logs (AWS API Gateway, Kong, Nginx) to detect

analyzing-apt-group-with-mitre-navigator

Query ATT&CK data with attackcti, mitreattack-python, and stix2, then build MITRE ATT&CK Navigator layers and multi-layer heatmap overlays mapping one or more APT groups

analyzing-azure-activity-logs-for-threats

Queries Azure Monitor activity logs and sign-in logs via azure-monitor-query

analyzing-bootkit-and-rootkit-samples

Analyzes bootkit and advanced rootkit malware infecting the Master

analyzing-browser-forensics-with-hindsight

Parse Chromium-based browser databases with Hindsight to extract and correlate browsing history, downloads, cookies, cached content, autofill data, saved passwords, and extensions from Chrome, Edge, Brave, Opera, and Vivaldi into a unified timeline (XLSX, JSON, or SQLite output). Use during incident response, insider-threat investigations, or criminal cases when you need to reconstruct a user

analyzing-campaign-attribution-evidence

Systematically evaluate cyber-campaign evidence to attribute an operation to a threat actor, using the Diamond Model and Analysis of Competing Hypotheses (ACH) to weigh infrastructure overlaps, TTP consistency, malware code similarity, and timing/language artifacts into confidence-weighted attribution assessments. Use when an incident investigation needs a defensible attribution confidence level.

analyzing-certificate-transparency-for-phishing

Monitor Certificate Transparency logs using crt.sh and Certstream to

analyzing-cloud-storage-access-patterns

Detect abnormal access in AWS S3, GCS, and Azure Blob Storage by analyzing CloudTrail Data Events, GCS audit logs, and Azure Storage Analytics for after-hours bulk downloads, new-IP access, and API-call spikes (e.g. GetObject) via statistical baselines and time-series anomaly detection. Use when investigating suspected cloud data exfiltration or building related detection rules.

analyzing-cobalt-strike-beacon-configuration

Extract and analyze Cobalt Strike beacon configuration from PE files

analyzing-cobaltstrike-malleable-c2-profiles

Parse and analyze Cobalt Strike Malleable C2 profiles with dissect.cobaltstrike (profiles and beacon-payload configs) and pyMalleableC2 (AST parsing) to extract HTTP/DNS transforms, URIs, headers, sleep/jitter, and injection behavior, then generate network detection signatures. Use when reverse-engineering a captured malleable profile or building detections against Cobalt Strike Beacon traffic.

analyzing-command-and-control-communication

Analyzes malware C2 communication over HTTP, HTTPS, DNS, and custom

analyzing-cyber-kill-chain

Analyzes intrusion activity against the Lockheed Martin Cyber Kill Chain

analyzing-disk-image-with-autopsy

Perform comprehensive forensic analysis of raw (dd), E01, or AFF disk images with Autopsy and The Sleuth Kit, recovering deleted files, examining metadata and embedded artifacts, keyword searching, and building investigation timelines with visual reports. Use for structured analysis of a forensic disk image or when stakeholders need visual reports from evidence.

analyzing-dns-logs-for-exfiltration

Analyzes DNS query logs to detect data exfiltration via DNS tunneling,

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