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分析網頁伺服器記錄以偵測入侵

解析 Apache 和 Nginx 的存取記錄,以偵測 SQL 注入攻擊。

分析網頁伺服器記錄以偵測入侵 是什麼?

此技能專為 SOC 分析師及安全研究人員設計,提供一套可重複的程序,用於解析 Apache 與 Nginx 的網頁伺服器存取記錄,以識別並分析入侵企圖。它會自動擷取每個記錄條目的關鍵欄位(如 IP、時間戳記、URI 等),並套用一套偵測規則,針對 SQL 注入、本機檔案包含(LFI)、路徑遍歷、跨站腳本(XSS),以及常見掃描工具(如 Nikto、sqlmap)的特徵進行比對。此外,該技能還能偵測暴力破解攻擊(例如從同一 IP 在短時間內對登入端點發出大量 POST 請求),並利用 GeoIP 資料進行地理定位分析,產出結構化的優先排序報告。此技能可作為獨立腳本執行,或與現有的安全協調、自動化與回應(SOAR)流程整合。

相容平台~Claude Code~Codex CLI~Cursor
npx skills add https://github.com/mukul975/Anthropic-Cybersecurity-Skills/tree/main/skills/analyzing-web-server-logs-for-intrusion

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說明文件

分析網頁伺服器記錄以偵測入侵 是做什麼的?

使用時機

  • 針對需要分析網頁伺服器記錄以進行入侵調查的安全事件時
  • 建立此領域的偵測規則或威脅狩獵查詢時
  • SOC 分析師需要此分析類型的結構化程序時
  • 驗證相關攻擊技術的安全監控覆蓋範圍時

前置需求

  • 熟悉安全維運概念與工具
  • 有權限存取測試或實驗室環境以利安全執行
  • Python 3.8+ 且已安裝必要的相依套件
  • 所有測試活動均需取得適當授權

操作說明

  1. 安裝相依套件:pip install geoip2 user-agents
  2. 收集網頁伺服器存取記錄,格式須為 Apache 的組合記錄格式或 Nginx 預設格式。
  3. 解析每一筆記錄條目,擷取以下欄位:IP、時間戳記、方法、URI、狀態碼、回應大小、使用者代理、來源參照。
  4. 套用偵測規則:
    • SQL 注入:UNION SELECT、OR 1=1、' OR '、十六進位編碼模式
    • 本機檔案包含/路徑遍歷:../、/etc/passwd、/proc/self、php://filter
    • 跨站腳本:<script>、javascript:、onerror=、onload=
    • 掃描工具特徵:Nikto、sqlmap、DirBuster、gobuster、wfuzz 的使用者代理
    • 暴力破解:5 分鐘內來自同一 IP 對登入端點發出超過 50 次 POST 請求
  5. 使用 GeoIP 資料進行豐富化,並產生一份經優先排序的發現報告。
python scripts/agent.py --log-file /var/log/nginx/access.log --geoip-db GeoLite2-City.mmdb --output web_intrusion_report.json

範例

偵測 URI 中的 SQL 注入

192.168.1.100 - - [15/Jan/2024:10:30:45 +0000] "GET /products?id=1' UNION SELECT username,password FROM users-- HTTP/1.1" 200 4532

掃描工具使用者代理偵測

Nikto/2.1.6, sqlmap/1.7, DirBuster-1.0-RC1, gobuster/3.1.0

Individual skills in this repo

This repo contains 20 individual skills — each has its own dedicated page.

abusing-dpapi-for-credential-access

Extract and decrypt Windows DPAPI-protected secrets (Credential Manager, browser logins/cookies, Wi-Fi credentials, KeePass keys) online or offline using SharpDPAPI, SharpChrome, Mimikatz, or Impacket

abusing-shadow-credentials-for-privesc

Take over Active Directory accounts by writing attacker-controlled public keys to msDS-KeyCredentialLink (Shadow Credentials) with pyWhisker, Whisker, or Certipy, then authenticate via PKINIT to recover the target

achieving-cmmc-level-2-compliance

>-

acquiring-disk-image-with-dd-and-dcfldd

Create forensically sound bit-for-bit disk images with dd or dcfldd on a Linux forensic workstation, preserving evidence integrity through hash verification (MD5/SHA) during acquisition. Use when imaging a suspect drive, USB device, or memory card for investigation, preserving volatile disk evidence during incident response, or producing a verified copy for legal or law-enforcement proceedings before any destructive analysis.

analyzing-active-directory-acl-abuse

Detect dangerous ACL misconfigurations in Active Directory using ldap3

analyzing-android-malware-with-apktool

Perform static analysis of Android APK malware using apktool for resource decompilation, jadx for Java source recovery, and androguard for manifest inspection, dangerous permission-combination detection, and identification of obfuscated code, dynamic code loading, and reflection-based API calls. Use to statically triage a suspicious APK without executing it or to build mobile malware detection rules.

analyzing-api-gateway-access-logs

Parses API Gateway access logs (AWS API Gateway, Kong, Nginx) to detect

analyzing-apt-group-with-mitre-navigator

Query ATT&CK data with attackcti, mitreattack-python, and stix2, then build MITRE ATT&CK Navigator layers and multi-layer heatmap overlays mapping one or more APT groups

analyzing-azure-activity-logs-for-threats

Queries Azure Monitor activity logs and sign-in logs via azure-monitor-query

analyzing-bootkit-and-rootkit-samples

Analyzes bootkit and advanced rootkit malware infecting the Master

analyzing-browser-forensics-with-hindsight

Parse Chromium-based browser databases with Hindsight to extract and correlate browsing history, downloads, cookies, cached content, autofill data, saved passwords, and extensions from Chrome, Edge, Brave, Opera, and Vivaldi into a unified timeline (XLSX, JSON, or SQLite output). Use during incident response, insider-threat investigations, or criminal cases when you need to reconstruct a user

analyzing-campaign-attribution-evidence

Systematically evaluate cyber-campaign evidence to attribute an operation to a threat actor, using the Diamond Model and Analysis of Competing Hypotheses (ACH) to weigh infrastructure overlaps, TTP consistency, malware code similarity, and timing/language artifacts into confidence-weighted attribution assessments. Use when an incident investigation needs a defensible attribution confidence level.

analyzing-certificate-transparency-for-phishing

Monitor Certificate Transparency logs using crt.sh and Certstream to

analyzing-cloud-storage-access-patterns

Detect abnormal access in AWS S3, GCS, and Azure Blob Storage by analyzing CloudTrail Data Events, GCS audit logs, and Azure Storage Analytics for after-hours bulk downloads, new-IP access, and API-call spikes (e.g. GetObject) via statistical baselines and time-series anomaly detection. Use when investigating suspected cloud data exfiltration or building related detection rules.

analyzing-cobalt-strike-beacon-configuration

Extract and analyze Cobalt Strike beacon configuration from PE files

analyzing-cobaltstrike-malleable-c2-profiles

Parse and analyze Cobalt Strike Malleable C2 profiles with dissect.cobaltstrike (profiles and beacon-payload configs) and pyMalleableC2 (AST parsing) to extract HTTP/DNS transforms, URIs, headers, sleep/jitter, and injection behavior, then generate network detection signatures. Use when reverse-engineering a captured malleable profile or building detections against Cobalt Strike Beacon traffic.

analyzing-command-and-control-communication

Analyzes malware C2 communication over HTTP, HTTPS, DNS, and custom

analyzing-cyber-kill-chain

Analyzes intrusion activity against the Lockheed Martin Cyber Kill Chain

analyzing-disk-image-with-autopsy

Perform comprehensive forensic analysis of raw (dd), E01, or AFF disk images with Autopsy and The Sleuth Kit, recovering deleted files, examining metadata and embedded artifacts, keyword searching, and building investigation timelines with visual reports. Use for structured analysis of a forensic disk image or when stakeholders need visual reports from evidence.

analyzing-dns-logs-for-exfiltration

Analyzes DNS query logs to detect data exfiltration via DNS tunneling,

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