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springboot-security

Spring Security 实践指南,涵盖认证授权、输入验证、CSRF、密钥管理、安全头、速率限制及依赖安全,适用于 Java Spring Boot 服务。在审查 Spring Security 认证/授权、验证、CSRF、密钥、安全头或速率限制时使用。

springboot-security 是什么?

该技能提供了一套全面的 Spring Boot 安全最佳实践指南,专为需要确保 Java Spring Boot 服务安全性的开发者设计。它涵盖了所有关键的安全领域:从 JWT、OAuth2、基于会话的认证和授权配置,到 Bean Validation 输入验证、SQL 注入防护、密码编码(BCrypt/Argon2)、CSRF 保护、密钥外部化管理(环境变量/Spring Cloud Vault)、安全头配置(CSP、XSS、ReferrerPolicy)、CORS 精细控制、基于 Bucket4j 的速率限制以及依赖安全扫描(OWASP Dependency Check/Snyk)。该技能在 Cursor、Codex 等支持 SKILL.md 的 AI 编码助手中通过自然语言激活,当开发者处理涉及认证、端点创建或密钥管理的任务时,AI 会主动提供安全审查和代码建议。其工作原理是通过预定义的触发条件(如添加 JWT、实现 @PreAuthorize、配置 CORS)自动激活,并提供具体可执行的代码示例和配置模板,帮助开发者在编码阶段就避免常见安全漏洞。

兼容平台~Claude Code~Codex CLI~Cursor
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文档

Spring Boot 安全审查

在添加认证、处理输入、创建端点或处理密钥时使用。

何时激活

  • 添加身份验证(JWT、OAuth2、基于会话)
  • 实施授权(@PreAuthorize、基于角色的访问)
  • 验证用户输入(Bean Validation、自定义验证器)
  • 配置 CORS、CSRF 或安全头
  • 管理密钥(Vault、环境变量)
  • 添加速率限制或暴力破解防护
  • 扫描依赖项以查找 CVE

身份验证

  • 首选无状态 JWT 或带撤销列表的不透明令牌
  • 对会话使用 httpOnly、Secure、SameSite=Strict Cookie
  • 使用 OncePerRequestFilter 或资源服务器验证令牌
@Component
public class JwtAuthFilter extends OncePerRequestFilter {
  private final JwtService jwtService;

  public JwtAuthFilter(JwtService jwtService) {
    this.jwtService = jwtService;
  }

  @Override
  protected void doFilterInternal(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response,
      FilterChain chain) throws ServletException, IOException {
    String header = request.getHeader(HttpHeaders.AUTHORIZATION);
    if (header != null && header.startsWith("Bearer ")) {
      String token = header.substring(7);
      Authentication auth = jwtService.authenticate(token);
      SecurityContextHolder.getContext().setAuthentication(auth);
    }
    chain.doFilter(request, response);
  }
}

授权

  • 启用方法安全:@EnableMethodSecurity
  • 使用 @PreAuthorize("hasRole('ADMIN')") 或 @PreAuthorize("@authz.canEdit(#id)")
  • 默认拒绝;仅公开必要的范围
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/api/admin")
public class AdminController {

  @PreAuthorize("hasRole('ADMIN')")
  @GetMapping("/users")
  public List<UserDto> listUsers() {
    return userService.findAll();
  }

  @PreAuthorize("@authz.isOwner(#id, authentication)")
  @DeleteMapping("/users/{id}")
  public ResponseEntity<Void> deleteUser(@PathVariable Long id) {
    userService.delete(id);
    return ResponseEntity.noContent().build();
  }
}

输入验证

  • 在控制器上使用带 @Valid 的 Bean Validation
  • 对 DTO 应用约束:@NotBlank、@Email、@Size、自定义验证器
  • 在渲染前使用白名单对任何 HTML 进行清理
// 错误:无验证
@PostMapping("/users")
public User createUser(@RequestBody UserDto dto) {
  return userService.create(dto);
}

// 正确:经过验证的 DTO
public record CreateUserDto(
    @NotBlank @Size(max = 100) String name,
    @NotBlank @Email String email,
    @NotNull @Min(0) @Max(150) Integer age
) {}

@PostMapping("/users")
public ResponseEntity<UserDto> createUser(@Valid @RequestBody CreateUserDto dto) {
  return ResponseEntity.status(HttpStatus.CREATED)
      .body(userService.create(dto));
}

SQL 注入防护

  • 使用 Spring Data 存储库或参数化查询
  • 对于原生查询,使用 :param 绑定;切勿拼接字符串
// 错误:原生查询中的字符串拼接
@Query(value = "SELECT * FROM users WHERE name = '" + name + "'", nativeQuery = true)

// 正确:参数化原生查询
@Query(value = "SELECT * FROM users WHERE name = :name", nativeQuery = true)
List<User> findByName(@Param("name") String name);

// 正确:Spring Data 派生查询(自动参数化)
List<User> findByEmailAndActiveTrue(String email);

密码编码

  • 始终使用 BCrypt 或 Argon2 对密码进行哈希处理——切勿存储明文
  • 使用 PasswordEncoder Bean,而不是手动哈希
@Bean
public PasswordEncoder passwordEncoder() {
  return new BCryptPasswordEncoder(12); // 成本因子 12
}

// 在 service 中
public User register(CreateUserDto dto) {
  String hashedPassword = passwordEncoder.encode(dto.password());
  return userRepository.save(new User(dto.email(), hashedPassword));
}

CSRF 保护

  • 对于浏览器会话应用,保持 CSRF 启用;在表单/头中包含令牌
  • 对于使用 Bearer 令牌的纯 API,禁用 CSRF 并依赖无状态身份验证
http
  .csrf(csrf -> csrf.disable())
  .sessionManagement(sm -> sm.sessionCreationPolicy(SessionCreationPolicy.STATELESS));

密钥管理

  • 源代码中无密钥;从环境或 vault 加载
  • 保持 application.yml 中不含凭据;使用占位符
  • 定期轮换令牌和数据库凭据
# 错误:硬编码在 application.yml 中
spring:
  datasource:
    password: mySecretPassword123

# 正确:环境变量占位符
spring:
  datasource:
    password: ${DB_PASSWORD}

# 正确:Spring Cloud Vault 集成
spring:
  cloud:
    vault:
      uri: https://vault.example.com
      token: ${VAULT_TOKEN}

安全头

http
  .headers(headers -> headers
    .contentSecurityPolicy(csp -> csp
      .policyDirectives("default-src 'self'"))
    .frameOptions(HeadersConfigurer.FrameOptionsConfig::sameOrigin)
    .xssProtection(Customizer.withDefaults())
    .referrerPolicy(rp -> rp.policy(ReferrerPolicyHeaderWriter.ReferrerPolicy.NO_REFERRER)));

CORS 配置

  • 在安全过滤器级别配置 CORS,而不是在每个控制器中配置
  • 限制允许的来源——生产环境中切勿使用 *
@Bean
public CorsConfigurationSource corsConfigurationSource() {
  CorsConfiguration config = new CorsConfiguration();
  config.setAllowedOrigins(List.of("https://app.example.com"));
  config.setAllowedMethods(List.of("GET", "POST", "PUT", "DELETE"));
  config.setAllowedHeaders(List.of("Authorization", "Content-Type"));
  config.setAllowCredentials(true);
  config.setMaxAge(3600L);

  UrlBasedCorsConfigurationSource source = new UrlBasedCorsConfigurationSource();
  source.registerCorsConfiguration("/api/**", config);
  return source;
}

// 在 SecurityFilterChain 中:
http.cors(cors -> cors.configurationSource(corsConfigurationSource()));

速率限制

  • 对昂贵端点应用 Bucket4j 或网关级限制
  • 记录并在突发时发出警报;返回 429 并附上重试提示
// 使用 Bucket4j 实现端点级速率限制
@Component
public class RateLimitFilter extends OncePerRequestFilter {
  private final Map<String, Bucket> buckets = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();

  private Bucket createBucket() {
    return Bucket.builder()
        .addLimit(Bandwidth.classic(100, Refill.intervally(100, Duration.ofMinutes(1))))
        .build();
  }

  @Override
  protected void doFilterInternal(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response,
      FilterChain chain) throws ServletException, IOException {
    String clientIp = request.getRemoteAddr();
    Bucket bucket = buckets.computeIfAbsent(clientIp, k -> createBucket());

    if (bucket.tryConsume(1)) {
      chain.doFilter(request, response);
    } else {
      response.setStatus(HttpStatus.TOO_MANY_REQUESTS.value());
      response.getWriter().write("{\"error\": \"Rate limit exceeded\"}");
    }
  }
}

依赖安全

  • 在 CI 中运行 OWASP Dependency Check / Snyk
  • 保持 Spring Boot 和 Spring Security 在受支持版本上
  • 因已知 CVE 失败构建

日志记录与 PII

  • 切勿记录密钥、令牌、密码或完整 PAN 数据
  • 清除敏感字段;使用结构化 JSON 日志

文件上传

  • 验证大小、内容类型和扩展名
  • 存储在 web root 之外;如有必要进行扫描

发布前检查清单

  • Auth 令牌已正确验证且过期
  • 每个敏感路径上都有授权守卫
  • 所有输入均已验证和清理
  • 没有字符串拼接的 SQL
  • CSRF 配置适用于应用类型
  • 密钥已外部化;无已提交的密钥
  • 安全头已配置
  • API 启用了速率限制
  • 依赖项已扫描且为最新
  • 日志中无敏感数据

记住:默认拒绝、验证输入、最小权限、安全优先配置。

Individual skills in this repo

This repo contains 20 individual skills — each has its own dedicated page.

accessibility

Design, implement, and audit inclusive digital products using WCAG 2.2 Level AA. Use when building or auditing UI that must meet WCAG 2.2 Level AA, or when reviewing a change for keyboard, contrast, or screen-reader support.

affaan-m/content-engine

Create platform-native content systems for X, LinkedIn, TikTok, YouTube, newsletters, and repurposed multi-platform campaigns. Use when the user wants social posts, threads, scripts, content calendars, or one source asset adapted cleanly across platforms.

affaan-m/ECC

Multi-platform content distribution across X, LinkedIn, Threads, and Bluesky. Adapts content per platform using content-engine patterns. Never posts identical content cross-platform. Use when the user wants to distribute content across social platforms.

affaan-m/fal-ai-media

Unified media generation via fal.ai MCP — image, video, and audio. Covers text-to-image (Nano Banana), text/image-to-video (Seedance, Kling, Veo 3), text-to-speech (CSM-1B), and video-to-audio (ThinkSound). Use when the user wants to generate images, videos, or audio with AI.

affaan-m/manim-video

日本語翻訳:このファイルは manim-video 用の日本語翻訳が必要です

affaan-m/remotion-video-creation

Remotion のベストプラクティス - React で動画を作成する。3D、アニメーション、音声、字幕、チャート、トランジションなどをカバーするドメイン固有の29のルール。

affaan-m/video-editing

AI-assisted video editing workflows for cutting, structuring, and augmenting real footage. Covers the full pipeline from raw capture through FFmpeg, Remotion, ElevenLabs, fal.ai, and final polish in Descript or CapCut. Use when the user wants to edit video, cut footage, create vlogs, or build video content.

agent-architecture-audit

Full-stack diagnostic for agent and LLM applications. Audits the 12-layer agent stack for wrapper regression, memory pollution, tool discipline failures, hidden repair loops, and rendering corruption. Produces severity-ranked findings with code-first fixes. Essential for developers building agent applications, autonomous loops, or any LLM-powered feature. Use when an agent or LLM feature misbehaves and the failing layer is unknown, or before shipping an agent stack.

agent-eval

Head-to-head comparison of coding agents (Claude Code, Aider, Codex, etc.) on custom tasks with pass rate, cost, time, and consistency metrics. Use when choosing between coding agents, or when a change to an agent setup needs measured pass rate, cost, and time rather than an impression.

agent-harness-construction

Design and optimize AI agent action spaces, tool definitions, and observation formatting for higher completion rates. Use when defining or revising an agent

agentic-engineering

Operate as an agentic engineer using eval-first execution, decomposition, and cost-aware model routing. Use when planning or executing engineering work that agents will carry out end to end.

agentic-os

Build persistent multi-agent operating systems on Claude Code. Covers kernel architecture, specialist agents, slash commands, file-based memory, scheduled automation, and state management without external databases. Use when building a persistent multi-agent system on Claude Code with its own memory, commands, and scheduling.

agent-introspection-debugging

Structured self-debugging workflow for AI agent failures using capture, diagnosis, contained recovery, and introspection reports. Use when an agent run fails and you need a reproducible diagnosis instead of a retry.

agent-payment-x402

Add x402 payment execution to AI agents with per-task budgets, spending controls, and non-custodial wallets. Supports Base through agentwallet-sdk and X Layer through OKX Payments / OKX Agent Payments Protocol. Use when an agent must pay for something itself and needs per-task budgets, spending controls, and a non-custodial wallet.

agent-self-evaluation

Use after completing any non-trivial task. The agent self-rates its output on 5 axes — accuracy, completeness, clarity, actionability, conciseness — with concrete evidence per criterion. Produces a structured 1-5 scorecard with specific improvement suggestions.

agent-sort

Build an evidence-backed ECC install plan for a specific repo by sorting skills, commands, rules, hooks, and extras into DAILY vs LIBRARY buckets using parallel repo-aware review passes. Use when ECC should be trimmed to what a project actually needs instead of loading the full bundle.

ai-first-engineering

Engineering operating model for teams where AI agents generate a large share of implementation output. Use when setting team process, review gates, or ownership rules for a codebase largely written by agents.

ai-regression-testing

Regression testing strategies for AI-assisted development. Sandbox-mode API testing without database dependencies, automated bug-check workflows, and patterns to catch AI blind spots where the same model writes and reviews code. Use when adding regression coverage to AI-assisted code, or when the same model both wrote and reviewed a change.

android-clean-architecture

Clean Architecture patterns for Android and Kotlin Multiplatform projects — module structure, dependency rules, UseCases, Repositories, and data layer patterns. Use when structuring modules, layers, or data flow in an Android or KMP project.

angular-developer

Generates Angular code and provides architectural guidance. Trigger when creating projects, components, or services, or for best practices on reactivity (signals, linkedSignal, resource), forms, dependency injection, routing, SSR, accessibility (ARIA), animations, styling (component styles, Tailwind CSS), testing, or CLI tooling.

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