Motion Advanced
复杂、交互式和基于物理的动画模式。
需要先安装 motion-foundations。
当 motion-patterns 不足以满足需求时使用。
何时激活
- 构建拖拽关闭面板、滑动手势或可排序列表
- 逐词、逐字符地动画文字,或实现实时计数器
- 绘制 SVG 路径、变形图标或动画环形进度
- 编写自定义动画 Hook(
useScrollReveal、磁性按钮、光标跟随) - 使用
useAnimate命令式地编排多步骤动画序列 - 构建旋转器、微光骨架、脉冲指示器或按钮加载状态
输出
此技能生成:
- 拖拽交互:可拖拽卡片、拖拽关闭面板、
Reorder.Group列表 - 手势 Hook:滑动检测、长按、轮廓缩放
- 文字动画组件:文字逐词揭示、打字机效果、数字计数器
- SVG 动画:路径绘制、图标变形、描边进度环
- 自定义 Hook:
useScrollReveal、useHoverScale、useNavigationDirection、useInViewOnce - 使用
useAnimate的带中断安全的命令式序列 (async/await) - 加载器组件:旋转器、微光、脉冲点、进度条、按钮加载状态
原则
- 基于物理的动效(
useSpring,springs.*)在直接操作中总是比基于持续时间的动效更自然。 useMotionValue+useTransform计算派生值而不触发重新渲染。useAnimate序列是命令式的且中断安全的——在动画执行中调用animate()会自动取消前一个动画。- 运动值(
useMotionValue,useSpring)是 SSR 安全的,不会导致水合错误。
规则
- 拖拽交互必须在触摸设备上测试,而不仅仅是鼠标。
drag属性在两者上均有效,但手感与阈值不同。 - 无限动画必须在
document.visibilityState === "hidden"时暂停。 后台标签页不得消耗 GPU/CPU。 - 滑动阈值必须明确指定。 不要仅凭速度推断意图;结合
offset+velocity检查。 useAnimate的作用域 ref 必须附加到一个已挂载的 DOM 元素上。 在挂载前调用animate()会静默失败。- 运动值不得在渲染时重新创建。 在组件体内使用
useMotionValue(0)是正确的;在渲染中使用new MotionValue(0)是错误的。 - 所有令牌值都从
motion-foundations导入。 不得使用内联数字。 - 自定义 Hook 必须处理清理工作。 每个
window.addEventListener都需要在useEffect返回中有一个对应的removeEventListener。 - SVG 变形要求路径命令数量相等。 具有不同命令结构的路径会直接跳变而非进行插值。
决策指南
选择正确的高级 API
| 场景 | API |
|---|---|
| 释放时带物理效果的拖拽 | drag + dragTransition: springs.release |
| 有序的拖拽重排列表 | Reorder.Group + Reorder.Item |
| 通过拖拽偏移量关闭 | drag="y" + onDragEnd 偏移量检查 |
| 向左/向右滑动 | drag="x" + onDragEnd 偏移量检查 |
| 长按 | useLongPress Hook |
| 随时间平滑的值 | useSpring |
| 从另一个值派生的值 | useTransform |
| 多步骤序列 | useAnimate 配合 async/await |
| 一次性命令式动画 | 来自 motion 的 animate() |
| 逐词进入的文字 | 在 inline-block 跨度上错开 |
| SVG 绘制 | pathLength 从 0 到 1 |
| SVG 变形 | d 属性补间(命令数量相等) |
| 环形进度 | strokeDashoffset 补间 |
何时使用 useSpring 与 spring 过渡
useSpring | transition: springs.* | |
|---|---|---|
| 用途 | 光标跟随、指针跟踪值 | 离散状态变化 |
| 更新方式 | 连续,每帧更新 | 由状态变化触发 |
| 中断行为 | 平滑——物理引擎从当前速度接续 | 从当前值重新开始 |
核心概念
useMotionValue + useTransform
无需重新渲染的响应式计算:
const x = useMotionValue(0)
const opacity = useTransform(x, [-200, 0, 200], [0, 1, 0])
// opacity 随 x 变化每帧更新——无需 setState,无需重渲染
useAnimate
返回 [scope, animate]。作用域 ref 必须附加到一个 DOM 元素上。
animate() 调用是中断安全的——在动画执行中调用会取消上一次运行。
const [scope, animate] = useAnimate()
async function play() {
await animate(".step-1", { opacity: 1 }, { duration: 0.3 })
await animate(".step-2", { x: 0 }, { duration: 0.4 })
animate(".step-3", { scale: 1 }, { duration: 0.25 }) // 触发后不等待
}
return <div ref={scope}>...</div>
代码示例
可拖拽卡片
"use client"
import { motion } from "motion/react"
import { springs, motionTokens } from "@/lib/motion-tokens"
<motion.div
drag
dragConstraints={{ left: -100, right: 100, top: -100, bottom: 100 }}
dragElastic={0.1}
whileDrag={{
scale: motionTokens.scale.pop,
boxShadow: "0 16px 40px rgba(0,0,0,0.2)",
}}
dragTransition={springs.release}
/>
拖拽关闭面板
"use client"
import { motion, useMotionValue, useTransform } from "motion/react"
export function BottomSheet({ onClose }: { onClose: () => void }) {
const y = useMotionValue(0)
const opacity = useTransform(y, [0, 200], [1, 0])
return (
<motion.div
drag="y"
dragConstraints={{ top: 0 }}
style={{ y, opacity }}
onDragEnd={(_, info) => {
// 规则 3:结合偏移量 + 速度
if (info.offset.y > 120 || info.velocity.y > 500) onClose()
}}
/>
)
}
可排序列表
"use client"
import { Reorder } from "motion/react"
export function SortableList() {
const [items, setItems] = useState(initialItems)
return (
<Reorder.Group axis="y" values={items} onReorder={setItems}>
{items.map((item) => (
<Reorder.Item key={item.id} value={item}>
{item.label}
</Reorder.Item>
))}
</Reorder.Group>
)
}
滑动检测
"use client"
import { motion } from "motion/react"
const OFFSET_THRESHOLD = 50
const VELOCITY_THRESHOLD = 300
<motion.div
drag="x"
dragConstraints={{ left: 0, right: 0 }}
onDragEnd={(_, info) => {
const swipedRight = info.offset.x > OFFSET_THRESHOLD || info.velocity.x > VELOCITY_THRESHOLD
const swipedLeft = info.offset.x < -OFFSET_THRESHOLD || info.velocity.x < -VELOCITY_THRESHOLD
if (swipedRight) onSwipeRight()
if (swipedLeft) onSwipeLeft()
}}
/>
长按 Hook
import { useRef } from "react"
export function useLongPress(callback: () => void, ms = 600) {
const timerRef = useRef<ReturnType<typeof setTimeout>>()
return {
onPointerDown: () => { timerRef.current = setTimeout(callback, ms) },
onPointerUp: () => clearTimeout(timerRef.current),
onPointerLeave: () => clearTimeout(timerRef.current),
}
}
逐词揭示
"use client"
import { motion } from "motion/react"
import { springs } from "@/lib/motion-tokens"
export function AnimatedText({ text }: { text: string }) {
return (
<motion.p
variants={{ visible: { transition: { staggerChildren: 0.05 } } }}
initial="hidden"
animate="visible"
>
{text.split(" ").map((word, i) => (
<motion.span
key={i}
className="inline-block mr-1"
variants={{
hidden: { opacity: 0, y: 12 },
visible: { opacity: 1, y: 0, transition: springs.gentle },
}}
>
{word}
</motion.span>
))}
</motion.p>
)
}
数字计数器
"use client"
import { useRef, useEffect } from "react"
import { animate } from "motion"
import { motionTokens } from "@/lib/motion-tokens"
export function Counter({ to }: { to: number }) {
const nodeRef = useRef<HTMLSpanElement>(null)
useEffect(() => {
const controls = animate(0, to, {
duration: motionTokens.duration.crawl,
ease: motionTokens.easing.smooth,
onUpdate: (v) => {
if (nodeRef.current) nodeRef.current.textContent = Math.round(v).toString()
},
})
return controls.stop // 规则 7:清理
}, [to])
return <span ref={nodeRef} />
}
SVG 路径绘制
"use client"
import { motion } from "motion/react"
import { motionTokens } from "@/lib/motion-tokens"
<motion.path
d="M 0 100 Q 50 0 100 100"
initial={{ pathLength: 0, opacity: 0 }}
animate={{ pathLength: 1, opacity: 1 }}
transition={{ duration: motionTokens.duration.slow, ease: motionTokens.easing.smooth }}
/>
描边进度环
"use client"
import { motion } from "motion/react"
import { motionTokens } from "@/lib/motion-tokens"
const CIRCUMFERENCE = 2 * Math.PI * 40 // r=40
export function ProgressRing({ progress }: { progress: number }) {
return (
<svg width="100" height="100" viewBox="0 0 100 100">
<circle cx="50" cy="50" r="40" fill="none" stroke="#e5e7eb" strokeWidth="8" />
<motion.circle
cx="50" cy="50" r="40"
fill="none" stroke="#6366f1" strokeWidth="8"
strokeLinecap="round"
strokeDasharray={CIRCUMFERENCE}
animate={{ strokeDashoffset: CIRCUMFERENCE - (progress / 100) * CIRCUMFERENCE }}
transition={{ duration: motionTokens.duration.normal, ease: motionTokens.easing.smooth }}
style={{ rotate: -90, transformOrigin: "center" }}
/>
</svg>
)
}
useScrollReveal Hook
"use client"
import { useRef } from "react"
import { useScroll, useTransform } from "motion/react"
import { motionTokens } from "@/lib/motion-tokens"
export function useScrollReveal() {
const ref = useRef(null)
const { scrollYProgress } = useScroll({ target: ref, offset: ["start end", "end start"] })
const opacity = useTransform(scrollYProgress, [0, 0.3], [0, 1])
const y = useTransform(scrollYProgress, [0, 0.3], [motionTokens.distance.lg, 0])
return { ref, style: { opacity, y } }
}
// 用法
const { ref, style } = useScrollReveal()
<motion.section ref={ref} style={style} />
光标跟随
"use client"
import { useEffect } from "react"
import { motion, useMotionValue, useSpring } from "motion/react"
import { springs } from "@/lib/motion-tokens"
export function CursorFollower() {
const x = useMotionValue(-100)
const y = useMotionValue(-100)
const sx = useSpring(x, springs.gentle)
const sy = useSpring(y, springs.gentle)
useEffect(() => {
const move = (e: MouseEvent) => { x.set(e.clientX); y.set(e.clientY) }
window.addEventListener("mousemove", move)
return () => window.removeEventListener("mousemove", move) // 规则 7
}, [])
return (
<motion.div
className="fixed top-0 left-0 w-6 h-6 rounded-full bg-indigo-500
pointer-events-none -translate-x-1/2 -translate-y-1/2 z-50"
style={{ x: sx, y: sy }}
/>
)
}
微光骨架
"use client"
import { useEffect } from "react"
import { motion, useAnimation } from "motion/react"
import { motionTokens } from "@/lib/motion-tokens"
export function ShimmerSkeleton({ className = "" }: { className?: string }) {
const controls = useAnimation()
useEffect(() => {
const play = () =>
controls.start({
x: ["-100%", "100%"],
transition: {
repeat: Infinity,
duration: motionTokens.duration.crawl,
ease: motionTokens.easing.linear,
},
})
const handleVisibility = () => {
if (document.visibilityState === "hidden") controls.stop()
else void play()
}
void play()
document.addEventListener("visibilitychange", handleVisibility)
return () => {
controls.stop()
document.removeEventListener("visibilitychange", handleVisibility)
}
}, [controls])
return (
<div className={`relative overflow-hidden bg-gray-200 rounded ${className}`}>
<motion.div
className="absolute inset-0 bg-gradient-to-r from-transparent via-white/60 to-transparent"
initial={{ x: "-100%" }}
animate={controls}
/>
</div>
)
}
按钮加载状态
"use client"
import { motion, AnimatePresence } from "motion/react"
import { motionTokens, springs } from "@/lib/motion-tokens"
export function LoadingButton({
loading,
label,
onClick,
}: {
loading: boolean
label: string
onClick: () => void
}) {
return (
<motion.button
onClick={onClick}
animate={{ opacity: loading ? 0.7 : 1 }}
whileTap={loading ? {} : { scale: motionTokens.scale.press }}
transition={springs.snappy}
disabled={loading}
>
<AnimatePresence mode="wait">
{loading ? (
<motion.span
key="loading"
initial={{ opacity: 0 }} animate={{ opacity: 1 }} exit={{ opacity: 0 }}
transition={{ duration: motionTokens.duration.fast }}
>
…
</motion.span>
) : (
<motion.span
key="label"
initial={{ opacity: 0 }} animate={{ opacity: 1 }} exit={{ opacity: 0 }}
transition={{ duration: motionTokens.duration.fast }}
>
{label}
</motion.span>
)}
</AnimatePresence>
</motion.button>
)
}
带可见性暂停的无限动画
"use client"
import { useEffect } from "react"
import { motion, useAnimation } from "motion/react"
import { motionTokens } from "@/lib/motion-tokens"
export function PulseDot() {
const controls = useAnimation()
useEffect(() => {
const pulse = () =>
controls.start({
scale: [1, 1.4, 1],
opacity: [1, 0.6, 1],
transition: { repeat: Infinity, duration: motionTokens.duration.crawl },
})
// 规则 2:标签页隐藏时暂停
const handleVisibility = () => {
if (document.visibilityState === "hidden") {
controls.stop()
} else {
void pulse()
}
}
void pulse()
document.addEventListener("visibilitychange", handleVisibility)
return () => {
controls.stop()
document.removeEventListener("visibilitychange", handleVisibility)
}
}, [controls])
return <motion.div animate={controls} className="w-3 h-3 rounded-full bg-indigo-500" />
}