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postgres-patterns

PostgreSQL 資料庫領域的查詢優化、綱要設計、索引與安全模式,基於 Supabase 最佳實務。適用於設計 PostgreSQL 綱要、索引或 RLS 政策,以及處理查詢過慢的情況。

postgres-patterns 是什麼?

postgres-patterns 是一個專為 PostgreSQL 資料庫設計的 AI 代理技能,提供查詢優化、索引規劃、綱要設計與安全設定(如資料列層級安全 RLS 政策)的最佳實務快速參考。此技能特別適合在您遇到 SQL 查緩慢、需要撰寫遷移腳本、設計資料庫結構或實作連接池時啟動。技能內容涵蓋各類型索引(B-tree、GIN、BRIN 等)的適用場景與建立語法、複合索引與部分索引的正確順序、高效分頁與佇列處理模式,以及常見反模式的偵測查詢。此外也包含連線數與逾時等組態模板,以及基於 Supabase 團隊的實戰經驗,確保開發者能快速建立高效且安全的 PostgreSQL 資料庫。

相容平台~Claude Code~Codex CLI✓Cursor
npx skills add https://github.com/affaan-m/everything-claude-code/tree/main/skills/postgres-patterns

在你喜歡的 AI 中提問

開啟一個已預先載入此 Agent Skill 的新對話。

說明文件

PostgreSQL 模式

PostgreSQL 最佳實務快速參考。如需詳細指引,請使用 database-reviewer 代理。

何時啟動

  • 撰寫 SQL 查詢或遷移腳本
  • 設計資料庫綱要
  • 排除慢查詢問題
  • 實作資料列層級安全性
  • 設定連線池

快速參考

索引速查表

查詢模式索引類型範例
WHERE col = valueB-tree(預設)CREATE INDEX idx ON t (col)
WHERE col > valueB-treeCREATE INDEX idx ON t (col)
WHERE a = x AND b > y複合索引CREATE INDEX idx ON t (a, b)
WHERE jsonb @> '{}'GINCREATE INDEX idx ON t USING gin (col)
WHERE tsv @@ queryGINCREATE INDEX idx ON t USING gin (col)
時間序列區間BRINCREATE INDEX idx ON t USING brin (col)

資料型別速查表

使用情境正確型別避免使用
IDbigintint、隨機 UUID
字串textvarchar(255)
時間戳記timestamptztimestamp
金額numeric(10,2)float
旗標booleanvarchar、int

常見模式

複合索引順序:

-- 等值條件欄位在前,範圍條件欄位在後
CREATE INDEX idx ON orders (status, created_at);
-- 適用於:WHERE status = 'pending' AND created_at > '2024-01-01'

覆蓋索引:

CREATE INDEX idx ON users (email) INCLUDE (name, created_at);
-- 避免對 SELECT email, name, created_at 進行資料表查找

部分索引:

CREATE INDEX idx ON users (email) WHERE deleted_at IS NULL;
-- 較小的索引,僅包含活躍使用者

RLS 政策(優化後):

CREATE POLICY policy ON orders
  USING ((SELECT auth.uid()) = user_id);  -- 使用 SELECT 包裹!

UPSERT:

INSERT INTO settings (user_id, key, value)
VALUES (123, 'theme', 'dark')
ON CONFLICT (user_id, key)
DO UPDATE SET value = EXCLUDED.value;

游標分頁:

SELECT * FROM products WHERE id > $last_id ORDER BY id LIMIT 20;
-- O(1) 相較於 OFFSET 的 O(n)

佇列處理:

UPDATE jobs SET status = 'processing'
WHERE id = (
  SELECT id FROM jobs WHERE status = 'pending'
  ORDER BY created_at LIMIT 1
  FOR UPDATE SKIP LOCKED
) RETURNING *;

反模式偵測

-- 找出未建立索引的外部鍵
SELECT conrelid::regclass, a.attname
FROM pg_constraint c
JOIN pg_attribute a ON a.attrelid = c.conrelid AND a.attnum = ANY(c.conkey)
WHERE c.contype = 'f'
  AND NOT EXISTS (
    SELECT 1 FROM pg_index i
    WHERE i.indrelid = c.conrelid AND a.attnum = ANY(i.indkey)
  );

-- 找出慢查詢
SELECT query, mean_exec_time, calls
FROM pg_stat_statements
WHERE mean_exec_time > 100
ORDER BY mean_exec_time DESC;

-- 檢查資料表膨脹
SELECT relname, n_dead_tup, last_vacuum
FROM pg_stat_user_tables
WHERE n_dead_tup > 1000
ORDER BY n_dead_tup DESC;

組態範本

-- 連線限制(依 RAM 調整)
ALTER SYSTEM SET max_connections = 100;
ALTER SYSTEM SET work_mem = '8MB';

-- 逾時設定
ALTER SYSTEM SET idle_in_transaction_session_timeout = '30s';
ALTER SYSTEM SET statement_timeout = '30s';

-- 監控
CREATE EXTENSION IF NOT EXISTS pg_stat_statements;

-- 安全預設值
REVOKE ALL ON SCHEMA public FROM public;

SELECT pg_reload_conf();

相關

  • 代理:database-reviewer - 完整的資料庫審查工作流程
  • 技能:clickhouse-io - ClickHouse 分析模式
  • 技能:backend-patterns - API 與後端模式

基於 Supabase Agent Skills(感謝 Supabase 團隊)(MIT 授權)

Individual skills in this repo

This repo contains 20 individual skills — each has its own dedicated page.

accessibility

Design, implement, and audit inclusive digital products using WCAG 2.2 Level AA. Use when building or auditing UI that must meet WCAG 2.2 Level AA, or when reviewing a change for keyboard, contrast, or screen-reader support.

affaan-m/claude-api

Anthropic Claude API patterns for Python and TypeScript. Covers Messages API, streaming, tool use, vision, extended thinking, batches, prompt caching, and Claude Agent SDK. Use when building applications with the Claude API or Anthropic SDKs.

affaan-m/everything-claude-code

End-to-end marketing campaign planning and execution. Covers audience research, positioning, campaign angle definition, landing page copy, email sequences, social posts, ad copy, short-form video scripts, and content calendars. Use as the orchestration layer for multi-channel product launches. Use when planning or executing a multi-channel product launch, or producing landing page, email, social, or ad copy.

affaan-m/everything-claude-code

Development conventions and patterns for everything-claude-code. JavaScript project with conventional commits.

affaan-m/everything-claude-code-conventions

Development conventions and patterns for everything-claude-code. JavaScript project with conventional commits.

affaan-m/frontend-design

Create distinctive, production-grade frontend interfaces with high design quality. Use when the user asks to build web components, pages, or applications and the visual direction matters as much as the code quality.

affaan-m/gget

gget CLI and Python workflow for quick genomic database queries, sequence lookup, BLAST-style searches, enrichment checks, and reproducible bioinformatics evidence logs.

affaan-m/literature-review

Systematic literature-review workflow for academic, biomedical, technical, and scientific topics, including search planning, source screening, synthesis, citation checks, and evidence logging.

affaan-m/motion-ui

Production-ready UI motion system for React/Next.js. Use when implementing animations, transitions, or motion patterns.

affaan-m/project-guidelines-example

Example project-specific skill template based on a real production application.

affaan-m/pubmed-database

Direct PubMed and NCBI E-utilities search workflows for biomedical literature, MeSH queries, PMID lookup, citation retrieval, and API-backed literature monitoring.

affaan-m/scholar-evaluation

Structured scholarly-work evaluation for papers, proposals, literature reviews, methods sections, evidence quality, citation support, and research-writing feedback.

affaan-m/uspto-database

USPTO patent and trademark data workflow for official record lookup, PatentSearch queries, TSDR checks, assignment data, and reproducible IP research logs.

agent-architecture-audit

Full-stack diagnostic for agent and LLM applications. Audits the 12-layer agent stack for wrapper regression, memory pollution, tool discipline failures, hidden repair loops, and rendering corruption. Produces severity-ranked findings with code-first fixes. Essential for developers building agent applications, autonomous loops, or any LLM-powered feature. Use when an agent or LLM feature misbehaves and the failing layer is unknown, or before shipping an agent stack.

agent-eval

Head-to-head comparison of coding agents (Claude Code, Aider, Codex, etc.) on custom tasks with pass rate, cost, time, and consistency metrics. Use when choosing between coding agents, or when a change to an agent setup needs measured pass rate, cost, and time rather than an impression.

agent-harness-construction

Design and optimize AI agent action spaces, tool definitions, and observation formatting for higher completion rates. Use when defining or revising an agent

agentic-engineering

Operate as an agentic engineer using eval-first execution, decomposition, and cost-aware model routing. Use when planning or executing engineering work that agents will carry out end to end.

agentic-os

Build persistent multi-agent operating systems on Claude Code. Covers kernel architecture, specialist agents, slash commands, file-based memory, scheduled automation, and state management without external databases. Use when building a persistent multi-agent system on Claude Code with its own memory, commands, and scheduling.

agent-introspection-debugging

Structured self-debugging workflow for AI agent failures using capture, diagnosis, contained recovery, and introspection reports. Use when an agent run fails and you need a reproducible diagnosis instead of a retry.

agent-payment-x402

Add x402 payment execution to AI agents with per-task budgets, spending controls, and non-custodial wallets. Supports Base through agentwallet-sdk and X Layer through OKX Payments / OKX Agent Payments Protocol. Use when an agent must pay for something itself and needs per-task budgets, spending controls, and a non-custodial wallet.

相關技能