Communitygithub.com

postgres-patterns

PostgreSQL 数据库模式,涵盖查询优化、模式设计、索引和安全最佳实践,基于 Supabase 经验总结。在编写 SQL、设计表结构或排查慢查询时使用。

postgres-patterns 是什么?

此技能提供了 PostgreSQL 数据库的全面最佳实践参考,包括索引选择、数据类型、常用模式和反模式检测。它基于 Supabase 团队的经验,适用于编写 SQL 查询或迁移、设计数据库模式、排查慢查询、实现行级安全策略 (RLS) 以及配置连接池。技能中包含索引速查表、数据类型速查表、复合索引、覆盖索引、部分索引、RLS 策略优化、UPSERT、游标分页和队列处理等常见模式示例。同时提供了反模式检测 SQL(如查找未索引外键、慢查询、表膨胀)和基础配置模板。支持在 Claude Code、Cursor、Codex 等 AI 代理中使用,适合需要优化 PostgreSQL 性能或确保安全合规的场景。

兼容平台~Claude Code~Codex CLI✓Cursor
npx skills add https://github.com/affaan-m/everything-claude-code/tree/main/skills/postgres-patterns

在你喜欢的 AI 中提问

打开一个已预加载此 Agent Skill 的新对话。

文档

PostgreSQL 模式

PostgreSQL 最佳实践快速参考。如需详细指导,请使用 database-reviewer 代理。

何时激活

  • 编写 SQL 查询或迁移
  • 设计数据库模式
  • 排查慢查询
  • 实现行级安全
  • 配置连接池

快速参考

索引速查表

查询模式索引类型示例
WHERE col = valueB-tree(默认)CREATE INDEX idx ON t (col)
WHERE col > valueB-treeCREATE INDEX idx ON t (col)
WHERE a = x AND b > y复合索引CREATE INDEX idx ON t (a, b)
WHERE jsonb @> '{}'GINCREATE INDEX idx ON t USING gin (col)
WHERE tsv @@ queryGINCREATE INDEX idx ON t USING gin (col)
时序范围查询BRINCREATE INDEX idx ON t USING brin (col)

数据类型速查表

使用场景推荐类型避免使用的类型
IDbigintint、随机 UUID
字符串textvarchar(255)
时间戳timestamptztimestamp
金额numeric(10,2)float
标志位booleanvarchar、int

常见模式

复合索引顺序:

-- 等值列在前,范围列在后
CREATE INDEX idx ON orders (status, created_at);
-- 适用于:WHERE status = 'pending' AND created_at > '2024-01-01'

覆盖索引:

CREATE INDEX idx ON users (email) INCLUDE (name, created_at);
-- 避免对 SELECT email, name, created_at 进行表查找

部分索引:

CREATE INDEX idx ON users (email) WHERE deleted_at IS NULL;
-- 更小的索引,仅包含活跃用户

RLS 策略(优化版):

CREATE POLICY policy ON orders
  USING ((SELECT auth.uid()) = user_id);  -- 包裹在 SELECT 中!

UPSERT:

INSERT INTO settings (user_id, key, value)
VALUES (123, 'theme', 'dark')
ON CONFLICT (user_id, key)
DO UPDATE SET value = EXCLUDED.value;

游标分页:

SELECT * FROM products WHERE id > $last_id ORDER BY id LIMIT 20;
-- O(1),而 OFFSET 是 O(n)

队列处理:

UPDATE jobs SET status = 'processing'
WHERE id = (
  SELECT id FROM jobs WHERE status = 'pending'
  ORDER BY created_at LIMIT 1
  FOR UPDATE SKIP LOCKED
) RETURNING *;

反模式检测

-- 查找未索引的外键
SELECT conrelid::regclass, a.attname
FROM pg_constraint c
JOIN pg_attribute a ON a.attrelid = c.conrelid AND a.attnum = ANY(c.conkey)
WHERE c.contype = 'f'
  AND NOT EXISTS (
    SELECT 1 FROM pg_index i
    WHERE i.indrelid = c.conrelid AND a.attnum = ANY(i.indkey)
  );

-- 查找慢查询
SELECT query, mean_exec_time, calls
FROM pg_stat_statements
WHERE mean_exec_time > 100
ORDER BY mean_exec_time DESC;

-- 检查表膨胀
SELECT relname, n_dead_tup, last_vacuum
FROM pg_stat_user_tables
WHERE n_dead_tup > 1000
ORDER BY n_dead_tup DESC;

配置模板

-- 连接限制(根据内存调整)
ALTER SYSTEM SET max_connections = 100;
ALTER SYSTEM SET work_mem = '8MB';

-- 超时设置
ALTER SYSTEM SET idle_in_transaction_session_timeout = '30s';
ALTER SYSTEM SET statement_timeout = '30s';

-- 监控
CREATE EXTENSION IF NOT EXISTS pg_stat_statements;

-- 安全默认值
REVOKE ALL ON SCHEMA public FROM public;

SELECT pg_reload_conf();

相关

  • 代理:database-reviewer - 完整数据库审查工作流
  • 技能:clickhouse-io - ClickHouse 分析模式
  • 技能:backend-patterns - API 和后端模式

基于 Supabase Agent Skills(感谢 Supabase 团队)(MIT 许可证)

Individual skills in this repo

This repo contains 20 individual skills — each has its own dedicated page.

accessibility

Design, implement, and audit inclusive digital products using WCAG 2.2 Level AA. Use when building or auditing UI that must meet WCAG 2.2 Level AA, or when reviewing a change for keyboard, contrast, or screen-reader support.

affaan-m/claude-api

Anthropic Claude API patterns for Python and TypeScript. Covers Messages API, streaming, tool use, vision, extended thinking, batches, prompt caching, and Claude Agent SDK. Use when building applications with the Claude API or Anthropic SDKs.

affaan-m/everything-claude-code

End-to-end marketing campaign planning and execution. Covers audience research, positioning, campaign angle definition, landing page copy, email sequences, social posts, ad copy, short-form video scripts, and content calendars. Use as the orchestration layer for multi-channel product launches. Use when planning or executing a multi-channel product launch, or producing landing page, email, social, or ad copy.

affaan-m/everything-claude-code

Development conventions and patterns for everything-claude-code. JavaScript project with conventional commits.

affaan-m/everything-claude-code-conventions

Development conventions and patterns for everything-claude-code. JavaScript project with conventional commits.

affaan-m/frontend-design

Create distinctive, production-grade frontend interfaces with high design quality. Use when the user asks to build web components, pages, or applications and the visual direction matters as much as the code quality.

affaan-m/gget

gget CLI and Python workflow for quick genomic database queries, sequence lookup, BLAST-style searches, enrichment checks, and reproducible bioinformatics evidence logs.

affaan-m/literature-review

Systematic literature-review workflow for academic, biomedical, technical, and scientific topics, including search planning, source screening, synthesis, citation checks, and evidence logging.

affaan-m/motion-ui

Production-ready UI motion system for React/Next.js. Use when implementing animations, transitions, or motion patterns.

affaan-m/project-guidelines-example

Example project-specific skill template based on a real production application.

affaan-m/pubmed-database

Direct PubMed and NCBI E-utilities search workflows for biomedical literature, MeSH queries, PMID lookup, citation retrieval, and API-backed literature monitoring.

affaan-m/scholar-evaluation

Structured scholarly-work evaluation for papers, proposals, literature reviews, methods sections, evidence quality, citation support, and research-writing feedback.

affaan-m/uspto-database

USPTO patent and trademark data workflow for official record lookup, PatentSearch queries, TSDR checks, assignment data, and reproducible IP research logs.

agent-architecture-audit

Full-stack diagnostic for agent and LLM applications. Audits the 12-layer agent stack for wrapper regression, memory pollution, tool discipline failures, hidden repair loops, and rendering corruption. Produces severity-ranked findings with code-first fixes. Essential for developers building agent applications, autonomous loops, or any LLM-powered feature. Use when an agent or LLM feature misbehaves and the failing layer is unknown, or before shipping an agent stack.

agent-eval

Head-to-head comparison of coding agents (Claude Code, Aider, Codex, etc.) on custom tasks with pass rate, cost, time, and consistency metrics. Use when choosing between coding agents, or when a change to an agent setup needs measured pass rate, cost, and time rather than an impression.

agent-harness-construction

Design and optimize AI agent action spaces, tool definitions, and observation formatting for higher completion rates. Use when defining or revising an agent

agentic-engineering

Operate as an agentic engineer using eval-first execution, decomposition, and cost-aware model routing. Use when planning or executing engineering work that agents will carry out end to end.

agentic-os

Build persistent multi-agent operating systems on Claude Code. Covers kernel architecture, specialist agents, slash commands, file-based memory, scheduled automation, and state management without external databases. Use when building a persistent multi-agent system on Claude Code with its own memory, commands, and scheduling.

agent-introspection-debugging

Structured self-debugging workflow for AI agent failures using capture, diagnosis, contained recovery, and introspection reports. Use when an agent run fails and you need a reproducible diagnosis instead of a retry.

agent-payment-x402

Add x402 payment execution to AI agents with per-task budgets, spending controls, and non-custodial wallets. Supports Base through agentwallet-sdk and X Layer through OKX Payments / OKX Agent Payments Protocol. Use when an agent must pay for something itself and needs per-task budgets, spending controls, and a non-custodial wallet.

相关技能