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分析PowerShell腳本區塊記錄

從EVTX檔案中解析Windows PowerShell腳本區塊記錄(事件ID 4104)。

分析PowerShell腳本區塊記錄 是什麼?

此技能專為資安分析師與威脅獵人設計,用於解析Windows PowerShell腳本區塊記錄(Event ID 4104)。它能從PowerShell操作日誌中提取Base64編碼命令、下載連結、AMSI繞過模式及混淆特徵,並重建分段腳本。支援MITRE ATT&CK對應,協助驗證安全監控涵蓋範圍。可搭配python-evtx庫在Python 3.8+環境中運作,並提供自動化分析腳本。

相容平台~Claude Code~Codex CLI~Cursor
npx skills add https://github.com/mukul975/Anthropic-Cybersecurity-Skills/tree/main/skills/analyzing-powershell-script-block-logging

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說明文件

分析PowerShell腳本區塊記錄 是做什麼的?

使用時機

  • 調查需要分析PowerShell腳本區塊記錄的安全事件時
  • 為此領域建立偵測規則或威脅狩獵查詢時
  • SOC分析師需要此分析類型的結構化程序時
  • 驗證相關攻擊技術的安全監控涵蓋範圍時

先決條件

  • 熟悉安全營運概念與工具
  • 可安全執行的測試或實驗室環境
  • Python 3.8+ 並安裝必要依賴項
  • 測試活動的適當授權

指令

  1. 安裝依賴項:pip install python-evtx lxml
  2. 收集PowerShell操作日誌:Microsoft-Windows-PowerShell%4Operational.evtx
  3. 使用python-evtx解析Event ID 4104項目,提取ScriptBlockText、ScriptBlockId以及MessageNumber/MessageTotal以重建多區塊腳本。
  4. 套用偵測啟發式規則:
    • Base64編碼命令(-EncodedCommand、FromBase64String)
    • 下載連結(DownloadString、DownloadFile、Invoke-WebRequest、Net.WebClient)
    • AMSI繞過模式(AmsiUtils、amsiInitFailed)
    • 混淆指標(高熵、tick-mark插入、字串串接)
  5. 生成包含重建腳本、風險評分及MITRE ATT&CK對應的報告。
python scripts/agent.py --evtx-file /path/to/PowerShell-Operational.evtx --output ps_analysis.json

範例

偵測編碼命令執行

import base64
if "-encodedcommand" in script_text.lower():
    encoded = script_text.split()[-1]
    decoded = base64.b64decode(encoded).decode("utf-16-le")

重建多區塊腳本

跨多個4104事件分割的腳本共享相同的 ScriptBlockId。依 MessageNumber 排序區塊後串接,即可還原完整腳本。

Individual skills in this repo

This repo contains 20 individual skills — each has its own dedicated page.

abusing-dpapi-for-credential-access

Extract and decrypt Windows DPAPI-protected secrets (Credential Manager, browser logins/cookies, Wi-Fi credentials, KeePass keys) online or offline using SharpDPAPI, SharpChrome, Mimikatz, or Impacket

abusing-shadow-credentials-for-privesc

Take over Active Directory accounts by writing attacker-controlled public keys to msDS-KeyCredentialLink (Shadow Credentials) with pyWhisker, Whisker, or Certipy, then authenticate via PKINIT to recover the target

achieving-cmmc-level-2-compliance

>-

acquiring-disk-image-with-dd-and-dcfldd

Create forensically sound bit-for-bit disk images with dd or dcfldd on a Linux forensic workstation, preserving evidence integrity through hash verification (MD5/SHA) during acquisition. Use when imaging a suspect drive, USB device, or memory card for investigation, preserving volatile disk evidence during incident response, or producing a verified copy for legal or law-enforcement proceedings before any destructive analysis.

analyzing-active-directory-acl-abuse

Detect dangerous ACL misconfigurations in Active Directory using ldap3

analyzing-android-malware-with-apktool

Perform static analysis of Android APK malware using apktool for resource decompilation, jadx for Java source recovery, and androguard for manifest inspection, dangerous permission-combination detection, and identification of obfuscated code, dynamic code loading, and reflection-based API calls. Use to statically triage a suspicious APK without executing it or to build mobile malware detection rules.

analyzing-api-gateway-access-logs

Parses API Gateway access logs (AWS API Gateway, Kong, Nginx) to detect

analyzing-apt-group-with-mitre-navigator

Query ATT&CK data with attackcti, mitreattack-python, and stix2, then build MITRE ATT&CK Navigator layers and multi-layer heatmap overlays mapping one or more APT groups

analyzing-azure-activity-logs-for-threats

Queries Azure Monitor activity logs and sign-in logs via azure-monitor-query

analyzing-bootkit-and-rootkit-samples

Analyzes bootkit and advanced rootkit malware infecting the Master

analyzing-browser-forensics-with-hindsight

Parse Chromium-based browser databases with Hindsight to extract and correlate browsing history, downloads, cookies, cached content, autofill data, saved passwords, and extensions from Chrome, Edge, Brave, Opera, and Vivaldi into a unified timeline (XLSX, JSON, or SQLite output). Use during incident response, insider-threat investigations, or criminal cases when you need to reconstruct a user

analyzing-campaign-attribution-evidence

Systematically evaluate cyber-campaign evidence to attribute an operation to a threat actor, using the Diamond Model and Analysis of Competing Hypotheses (ACH) to weigh infrastructure overlaps, TTP consistency, malware code similarity, and timing/language artifacts into confidence-weighted attribution assessments. Use when an incident investigation needs a defensible attribution confidence level.

analyzing-certificate-transparency-for-phishing

Monitor Certificate Transparency logs using crt.sh and Certstream to

analyzing-cloud-storage-access-patterns

Detect abnormal access in AWS S3, GCS, and Azure Blob Storage by analyzing CloudTrail Data Events, GCS audit logs, and Azure Storage Analytics for after-hours bulk downloads, new-IP access, and API-call spikes (e.g. GetObject) via statistical baselines and time-series anomaly detection. Use when investigating suspected cloud data exfiltration or building related detection rules.

analyzing-cobalt-strike-beacon-configuration

Extract and analyze Cobalt Strike beacon configuration from PE files

analyzing-cobaltstrike-malleable-c2-profiles

Parse and analyze Cobalt Strike Malleable C2 profiles with dissect.cobaltstrike (profiles and beacon-payload configs) and pyMalleableC2 (AST parsing) to extract HTTP/DNS transforms, URIs, headers, sleep/jitter, and injection behavior, then generate network detection signatures. Use when reverse-engineering a captured malleable profile or building detections against Cobalt Strike Beacon traffic.

analyzing-command-and-control-communication

Analyzes malware C2 communication over HTTP, HTTPS, DNS, and custom

analyzing-cyber-kill-chain

Analyzes intrusion activity against the Lockheed Martin Cyber Kill Chain

analyzing-disk-image-with-autopsy

Perform comprehensive forensic analysis of raw (dd), E01, or AFF disk images with Autopsy and The Sleuth Kit, recovering deleted files, examining metadata and embedded artifacts, keyword searching, and building investigation timelines with visual reports. Use for structured analysis of a forensic disk image or when stakeholders need visual reports from evidence.

analyzing-dns-logs-for-exfiltration

Analyzes DNS query logs to detect data exfiltration via DNS tunneling,

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