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分析 PowerShell 脚本块日志

解析 Windows PowerShell 脚本块日志(事件 ID 4104),从 EVTX 文件中提取并分析 PowerShell 命令。

分析 PowerShell 脚本块日志 是什么?

该技能专注于解析 Windows PowerShell 脚本块日志(事件 ID 4104),帮助安全分析师和开发人员从 EVTX 文件中提取并分析 PowerShell 命令。它基于 python-evtx 库构建,能够重构跨多个事件的脚本块,并应用一系列检测启发式方法(如 Base64 编码命令、下载源、AMSI 绕过模式及混淆指标)来识别潜在威胁。支持输出带有 MITRE ATT&CK 映射的结构化分析报告,适用于安全事件调查、检测规则编写和威胁狩猎。该技能需要 Python 3.8+ 环境,并建议在隔离的测试或实验室环境中执行以保障安全。

兼容平台~Claude Code~Codex CLI~Cursor
npx skills add https://github.com/mukul975/Anthropic-Cybersecurity-Skills/tree/main/skills/analyzing-powershell-script-block-logging

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文档

分析 PowerShell 脚本块日志 是做什么的?

使用场景

  • 调查安全事件时,需要分析 PowerShell 脚本块日志
  • 为此领域构建检测规则或威胁狩猎查询时
  • SOC 分析师需要该分析类型的结构化流程时
  • 验证相关攻击技术的安全监控覆盖范围时

先决条件

  • 熟悉安全运营概念和工具
  • 可访问测试或实验室环境进行安全执行
  • 安装 Python 3.8+ 及所需依赖
  • 已获得执行测试活动的适当授权

操作步骤

  1. 安装依赖:pip install python-evtx lxml
  2. 收集 PowerShell 操作日志:Microsoft-Windows-PowerShell%4Operational.evtx
  3. 使用 python-evtx 解析事件 ID 4104 条目,提取 ScriptBlockText、ScriptBlockId 以及用于多块脚本重构的 MessageNumber/MessageTotal。
  4. 应用检测启发式方法:
    • Base64 编码命令(-EncodedCommand、FromBase64String)
    • 下载源(DownloadString、DownloadFile、Invoke-WebRequest、Net.WebClient)
    • AMSI 绕过模式(AmsiUtils、amsiInitFailed)
    • 混淆指标(高熵、刻痕插入、字符串拼接)
  5. 生成包含重构脚本、风险评分和 MITRE ATT&CK 映射的报告。
python scripts/agent.py --evtx-file /path/to/PowerShell-Operational.evtx --output ps_analysis.json

示例

检测编码命令执行

import base64
if "-encodedcommand" in script_text.lower():
    encoded = script_text.split()[-1]
    decoded = base64.b64decode(encoded).decode("utf-16-le")

重构多块脚本

跨多个 4104 事件拆分的脚本共享一个 ScriptBlockId。按 MessageNumber 排序后连接各块,即可恢复完整脚本。

Individual skills in this repo

This repo contains 20 individual skills — each has its own dedicated page.

abusing-dpapi-for-credential-access

Extract and decrypt Windows DPAPI-protected secrets (Credential Manager, browser logins/cookies, Wi-Fi credentials, KeePass keys) online or offline using SharpDPAPI, SharpChrome, Mimikatz, or Impacket

abusing-shadow-credentials-for-privesc

Take over Active Directory accounts by writing attacker-controlled public keys to msDS-KeyCredentialLink (Shadow Credentials) with pyWhisker, Whisker, or Certipy, then authenticate via PKINIT to recover the target

achieving-cmmc-level-2-compliance

>-

acquiring-disk-image-with-dd-and-dcfldd

Create forensically sound bit-for-bit disk images with dd or dcfldd on a Linux forensic workstation, preserving evidence integrity through hash verification (MD5/SHA) during acquisition. Use when imaging a suspect drive, USB device, or memory card for investigation, preserving volatile disk evidence during incident response, or producing a verified copy for legal or law-enforcement proceedings before any destructive analysis.

analyzing-active-directory-acl-abuse

Detect dangerous ACL misconfigurations in Active Directory using ldap3

analyzing-android-malware-with-apktool

Perform static analysis of Android APK malware using apktool for resource decompilation, jadx for Java source recovery, and androguard for manifest inspection, dangerous permission-combination detection, and identification of obfuscated code, dynamic code loading, and reflection-based API calls. Use to statically triage a suspicious APK without executing it or to build mobile malware detection rules.

analyzing-api-gateway-access-logs

Parses API Gateway access logs (AWS API Gateway, Kong, Nginx) to detect

analyzing-apt-group-with-mitre-navigator

Query ATT&CK data with attackcti, mitreattack-python, and stix2, then build MITRE ATT&CK Navigator layers and multi-layer heatmap overlays mapping one or more APT groups

analyzing-azure-activity-logs-for-threats

Queries Azure Monitor activity logs and sign-in logs via azure-monitor-query

analyzing-bootkit-and-rootkit-samples

Analyzes bootkit and advanced rootkit malware infecting the Master

analyzing-browser-forensics-with-hindsight

Parse Chromium-based browser databases with Hindsight to extract and correlate browsing history, downloads, cookies, cached content, autofill data, saved passwords, and extensions from Chrome, Edge, Brave, Opera, and Vivaldi into a unified timeline (XLSX, JSON, or SQLite output). Use during incident response, insider-threat investigations, or criminal cases when you need to reconstruct a user

analyzing-campaign-attribution-evidence

Systematically evaluate cyber-campaign evidence to attribute an operation to a threat actor, using the Diamond Model and Analysis of Competing Hypotheses (ACH) to weigh infrastructure overlaps, TTP consistency, malware code similarity, and timing/language artifacts into confidence-weighted attribution assessments. Use when an incident investigation needs a defensible attribution confidence level.

analyzing-certificate-transparency-for-phishing

Monitor Certificate Transparency logs using crt.sh and Certstream to

analyzing-cloud-storage-access-patterns

Detect abnormal access in AWS S3, GCS, and Azure Blob Storage by analyzing CloudTrail Data Events, GCS audit logs, and Azure Storage Analytics for after-hours bulk downloads, new-IP access, and API-call spikes (e.g. GetObject) via statistical baselines and time-series anomaly detection. Use when investigating suspected cloud data exfiltration or building related detection rules.

analyzing-cobalt-strike-beacon-configuration

Extract and analyze Cobalt Strike beacon configuration from PE files

analyzing-cobaltstrike-malleable-c2-profiles

Parse and analyze Cobalt Strike Malleable C2 profiles with dissect.cobaltstrike (profiles and beacon-payload configs) and pyMalleableC2 (AST parsing) to extract HTTP/DNS transforms, URIs, headers, sleep/jitter, and injection behavior, then generate network detection signatures. Use when reverse-engineering a captured malleable profile or building detections against Cobalt Strike Beacon traffic.

analyzing-command-and-control-communication

Analyzes malware C2 communication over HTTP, HTTPS, DNS, and custom

analyzing-cyber-kill-chain

Analyzes intrusion activity against the Lockheed Martin Cyber Kill Chain

analyzing-disk-image-with-autopsy

Perform comprehensive forensic analysis of raw (dd), E01, or AFF disk images with Autopsy and The Sleuth Kit, recovering deleted files, examining metadata and embedded artifacts, keyword searching, and building investigation timelines with visual reports. Use for structured analysis of a forensic disk image or when stakeholders need visual reports from evidence.

analyzing-dns-logs-for-exfiltration

Analyzes DNS query logs to detect data exfiltration via DNS tunneling,

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