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kotlin-coroutines-flows

Android 및 KMP를 위한 Kotlin 코루틴 및 Flow 패턴 — 구조적 동시성, Flow 연산자, StateFlow, 오류 처리, 테스트. Android 또는 KMP에서 코루틴이나 Flow 코드를 작성하거나 취소 및 동시성을 디버깅할 때 사용합니다.

kotlin-coroutines-flows란 무엇인가요?

이 스킬은 Android 및 Kotlin Multiplatform(KMP) 프로젝트에서 Kotlin 코루틴과 Flow를 효과적으로 사용하기 위한 종합적인 패턴 가이드를 제공합니다. 구조적 동시성(scope 계층 구조, `supervisorScope`, 병렬 분해), Flow 기반 반응형 스트림(StateFlow, SharedFlow, Flow 연산자), Dispatchers 사용법, 협력적 취소 및 정리 패턴, 그리고 Turbine과 TestDispatcher를 활용한 테스트 방법을 다룹니다. 특히 `viewModelScope`, `LaunchedEffect`, `WhileSubscribed`와 같은 플랫폼별 scope 활용법과 `GlobalScope` 사용, Flow 잘못 수집, 변경 가능한 컬렉션 사용 등의 안티 패턴을 피하는 방법을 강조합니다. Android와 KMP 모두에서 동작하는 실용적인 코드 예제를 통해 개발자가 안정적이고 유지보수 가능한 비동기 코드를 작성할 수 있도록 돕습니다.

지원 대상~Claude Code~Codex CLI~Cursor
npx skills add https://github.com/affaan-m/ECC/tree/main/skills/kotlin-coroutines-flows

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문서

Kotlin Coroutines & Flows

Android 및 Kotlin Multiplatform 프로젝트에서 구조적 동시성, Flow 기반 반응형 스트림, 코루틴 테스트를 위한 패턴입니다.

활성화 시점

  • Kotlin 코루틴으로 비동기 코드를 작성할 때
  • 반응형 데이터에 Flow, StateFlow, SharedFlow를 사용할 때
  • 동시 작업(병렬 로딩, 디바운스, 재시도)을 처리할 때
  • 코루틴과 Flow를 테스트할 때
  • 코루틴 scope와 취소를 관리할 때

구조적 동시성

Scope 계층 구조

Application
  └── viewModelScope (ViewModel)
        └── coroutineScope { } (구조적 자식)
              ├── async { } (동시 작업)
              └── async { } (동시 작업)

항상 구조적 동시성을 사용하세요. 절대 GlobalScope를 사용하지 마세요:

// 나쁜 예
GlobalScope.launch { fetchData() }

// 좋은 예 — ViewModel 수명 주기로 범위 지정
viewModelScope.launch { fetchData() }

// 좋은 예 — Composable 수명 주기로 범위 지정
LaunchedEffect(key) { fetchData() }

병렬 분해

병렬 작업에는 coroutineScope + async를 사용하세요:

suspend fun loadDashboard(): Dashboard = coroutineScope {
    val items = async { itemRepository.getRecent() }
    val stats = async { statsRepository.getToday() }
    val profile = async { userRepository.getCurrent() }
    Dashboard(
        items = items.await(),
        stats = stats.await(),
        profile = profile.await()
    )
}

SupervisorScope

자식 실패가 다른 자식을 취소하지 않아야 할 때 supervisorScope를 사용하세요:

suspend fun syncAll() = supervisorScope {
    launch { syncItems() }       // 여기서 실패해도 syncStats는 취소되지 않음
    launch { syncStats() }
    launch { syncSettings() }
}

Flow 패턴

Cold Flow — 일회성에서 스트림으로 변환

fun observeItems(): Flow<List<Item>> = flow {
    // 데이터베이스가 변경될 때마다 다시 방출
    itemDao.observeAll()
        .map { entities -> entities.map { it.toDomain() } }
        .collect { emit(it) }
}

UI 상태를 위한 StateFlow

class DashboardViewModel(
    observeProgress: ObserveUserProgressUseCase
) : ViewModel() {
    val progress: StateFlow<UserProgress> = observeProgress()
        .stateIn(
            scope = viewModelScope,
            started = SharingStarted.WhileSubscribed(5_000),
            initialValue = UserProgress.EMPTY
        )
}

WhileSubscribed(5_000)은 마지막 구독자가 사라진 후에도 5초 동안 업스트림을 활성 상태로 유지합니다 — 설정 변경 시 재시작 없이 생존합니다.

여러 Flow 결합

val uiState: StateFlow<HomeState> = combine(
    itemRepository.observeItems(),
    settingsRepository.observeTheme(),
    userRepository.observeProfile()
) { items, theme, profile ->
    HomeState(items = items, theme = theme, profile = profile)
}.stateIn(viewModelScope, SharingStarted.WhileSubscribed(5_000), HomeState())

Flow 연산자

// 검색 입력 디바운스
searchQuery
    .debounce(300)
    .distinctUntilChanged()
    .flatMapLatest { query -> repository.search(query) }
    .catch { emit(emptyList()) }
    .collect { results -> _state.update { it.copy(results = results) } }

// 지수 백오프로 재시도
fun fetchWithRetry(): Flow<Data> = flow { emit(api.fetch()) }
    .retryWhen { cause, attempt ->
        if (cause is IOException && attempt < 3) {
            delay(1000L * (1 shl attempt.toInt()))
            true
        } else {
            false
        }
    }

일회성 이벤트를 위한 SharedFlow

class ItemListViewModel : ViewModel() {
    private val _effects = MutableSharedFlow<Effect>()
    val effects: SharedFlow<Effect> = _effects.asSharedFlow()

    sealed interface Effect {
        data class ShowSnackbar(val message: String) : Effect
        data class NavigateTo(val route: String) : Effect
    }

    private fun deleteItem(id: String) {
        viewModelScope.launch {
            repository.delete(id)
            _effects.emit(Effect.ShowSnackbar("Item deleted"))
        }
    }
}

// Composable에서 수집
LaunchedEffect(Unit) {
    viewModel.effects.collect { effect ->
        when (effect) {
            is Effect.ShowSnackbar -> snackbarHostState.showSnackbar(effect.message)
            is Effect.NavigateTo -> navController.navigate(effect.route)
        }
    }
}

Dispatchers

// CPU 집약적 작업
withContext(Dispatchers.Default) { parseJson(largePayload) }

// I/O 바운드 작업
withContext(Dispatchers.IO) { database.query() }

// 메인 스레드 (UI) — viewModelScope에서 기본값
withContext(Dispatchers.Main) { updateUi() }

KMP에서는 Dispatchers.Default와 Dispatchers.Main을 사용하세요(모든 플랫폼에서 사용 가능). Dispatchers.IO는 JVM/Android 전용입니다 — 다른 플랫폼에서는 Dispatchers.Default를 사용하거나 DI로 제공하세요.

취소

협력적 취소

장기 실행 루프는 취소를 확인해야 합니다:

suspend fun processItems(items: List<Item>) = coroutineScope {
    for (item in items) {
        ensureActive()  // 취소 시 CancellationException 발생
        process(item)
    }
}

try/finally로 정리

viewModelScope.launch {
    try {
        _state.update { it.copy(isLoading = true) }
        val data = repository.fetch()
        _state.update { it.copy(data = data) }
    } finally {
        _state.update { it.copy(isLoading = false) }  // 취소되어도 항상 실행됨
    }
}

테스트

Turbine으로 StateFlow 테스트

@Test
fun `search updates item list`() = runTest {
    val fakeRepository = FakeItemRepository().apply { emit(testItems) }
    val viewModel = ItemListViewModel(GetItemsUseCase(fakeRepository))

    viewModel.state.test {
        assertEquals(ItemListState(), awaitItem())  // 초기 상태

        viewModel.onSearch("query")
        val loading = awaitItem()
        assertTrue(loading.isLoading)

        val loaded = awaitItem()
        assertFalse(loaded.isLoading)
        assertEquals(1, loaded.items.size)
    }
}

TestDispatcher로 테스트

@Test
fun `parallel load completes correctly`() = runTest {
    val viewModel = DashboardViewModel(
        itemRepo = FakeItemRepo(),
        statsRepo = FakeStatsRepo()
    )

    viewModel.load()
    advanceUntilIdle()

    val state = viewModel.state.value
    assertNotNull(state.items)
    assertNotNull(state.stats)
}

Flow 페이크 만들기

class FakeItemRepository : ItemRepository {
    private val _items = MutableStateFlow<List<Item>>(emptyList())

    override fun observeItems(): Flow<List<Item>> = _items

    fun emit(items: List<Item>) { _items.value = items }

    override suspend fun getItemsByCategory(category: String): Result<List<Item>> {
        return Result.success(_items.value.filter { it.category == category })
    }
}

피해야 할 안티 패턴

  • GlobalScope 사용 — 코루틴 누수, 구조적 취소 없음
  • scope 없이 init {} 블록에서 Flow 수집 — viewModelScope.launch 사용
  • 변경 가능한 컬렉션과 함께 MutableStateFlow 사용 — 항상 불변 복사본 사용: _state.update { it.copy(list = it.list + newItem) }
  • CancellationException 캐치 — 적절한 취소를 위해 전파해야 함
  • 수집을 위해 flowOn(Dispatchers.Main) 사용 — 수집 디스패처는 호출자의 디스패처임
  • @Composable에서 remember 없이 Flow 생성 — 모든 재구성마다 Flow를 다시 생성함

참고

Flow의 UI 소비는 스킬 compose-multiplatform-patterns를 참조하세요. 코루틴이 계층에 어떻게 맞는지는 스킬 android-clean-architecture를 참조하세요.

Individual skills in this repo

This repo contains 20 individual skills — each has its own dedicated page.

accessibility

Design, implement, and audit inclusive digital products using WCAG 2.2 Level AA. Use when building or auditing UI that must meet WCAG 2.2 Level AA, or when reviewing a change for keyboard, contrast, or screen-reader support.

affaan-m/content-engine

Create platform-native content systems for X, LinkedIn, TikTok, YouTube, newsletters, and repurposed multi-platform campaigns. Use when the user wants social posts, threads, scripts, content calendars, or one source asset adapted cleanly across platforms.

affaan-m/ECC

Multi-platform content distribution across X, LinkedIn, Threads, and Bluesky. Adapts content per platform using content-engine patterns. Never posts identical content cross-platform. Use when the user wants to distribute content across social platforms.

affaan-m/fal-ai-media

Unified media generation via fal.ai MCP — image, video, and audio. Covers text-to-image (Nano Banana), text/image-to-video (Seedance, Kling, Veo 3), text-to-speech (CSM-1B), and video-to-audio (ThinkSound). Use when the user wants to generate images, videos, or audio with AI.

affaan-m/manim-video

日本語翻訳:このファイルは manim-video 用の日本語翻訳が必要です

affaan-m/remotion-video-creation

Remotion のベストプラクティス - React で動画を作成する。3D、アニメーション、音声、字幕、チャート、トランジションなどをカバーするドメイン固有の29のルール。

affaan-m/video-editing

AI-assisted video editing workflows for cutting, structuring, and augmenting real footage. Covers the full pipeline from raw capture through FFmpeg, Remotion, ElevenLabs, fal.ai, and final polish in Descript or CapCut. Use when the user wants to edit video, cut footage, create vlogs, or build video content.

agent-architecture-audit

Full-stack diagnostic for agent and LLM applications. Audits the 12-layer agent stack for wrapper regression, memory pollution, tool discipline failures, hidden repair loops, and rendering corruption. Produces severity-ranked findings with code-first fixes. Essential for developers building agent applications, autonomous loops, or any LLM-powered feature. Use when an agent or LLM feature misbehaves and the failing layer is unknown, or before shipping an agent stack.

agent-eval

Head-to-head comparison of coding agents (Claude Code, Aider, Codex, etc.) on custom tasks with pass rate, cost, time, and consistency metrics. Use when choosing between coding agents, or when a change to an agent setup needs measured pass rate, cost, and time rather than an impression.

agent-harness-construction

Design and optimize AI agent action spaces, tool definitions, and observation formatting for higher completion rates. Use when defining or revising an agent

agentic-engineering

Operate as an agentic engineer using eval-first execution, decomposition, and cost-aware model routing. Use when planning or executing engineering work that agents will carry out end to end.

agentic-os

Build persistent multi-agent operating systems on Claude Code. Covers kernel architecture, specialist agents, slash commands, file-based memory, scheduled automation, and state management without external databases. Use when building a persistent multi-agent system on Claude Code with its own memory, commands, and scheduling.

agent-introspection-debugging

Structured self-debugging workflow for AI agent failures using capture, diagnosis, contained recovery, and introspection reports. Use when an agent run fails and you need a reproducible diagnosis instead of a retry.

agent-payment-x402

Add x402 payment execution to AI agents with per-task budgets, spending controls, and non-custodial wallets. Supports Base through agentwallet-sdk and X Layer through OKX Payments / OKX Agent Payments Protocol. Use when an agent must pay for something itself and needs per-task budgets, spending controls, and a non-custodial wallet.

agent-self-evaluation

Use after completing any non-trivial task. The agent self-rates its output on 5 axes — accuracy, completeness, clarity, actionability, conciseness — with concrete evidence per criterion. Produces a structured 1-5 scorecard with specific improvement suggestions.

agent-sort

Build an evidence-backed ECC install plan for a specific repo by sorting skills, commands, rules, hooks, and extras into DAILY vs LIBRARY buckets using parallel repo-aware review passes. Use when ECC should be trimmed to what a project actually needs instead of loading the full bundle.

ai-first-engineering

Engineering operating model for teams where AI agents generate a large share of implementation output. Use when setting team process, review gates, or ownership rules for a codebase largely written by agents.

ai-regression-testing

Regression testing strategies for AI-assisted development. Sandbox-mode API testing without database dependencies, automated bug-check workflows, and patterns to catch AI blind spots where the same model writes and reviews code. Use when adding regression coverage to AI-assisted code, or when the same model both wrote and reviewed a change.

android-clean-architecture

Clean Architecture patterns for Android and Kotlin Multiplatform projects — module structure, dependency rules, UseCases, Repositories, and data layer patterns. Use when structuring modules, layers, or data flow in an Android or KMP project.

angular-developer

Generates Angular code and provides architectural guidance. Trigger when creating projects, components, or services, or for best practices on reactivity (signals, linkedSignal, resource), forms, dependency injection, routing, SSR, accessibility (ARIA), animations, styling (component styles, Tailwind CSS), testing, or CLI tooling.

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