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modèles-tests-e2e

Patterns de tests E2E avec Playwright : modèle Page Object, configuration, intégration CI/CD, gestion des artefacts et stratégies pour tests instables. À utiliser lors de l'écriture de tests Playwright, de la structuration d'objets de page ou de la correction d'exécutions E2E instables en CI.

Qu'est-ce que modèles-tests-e2e ?

Cette compétence fournit un ensemble exhaustif de modèles et de bonnes pratiques pour construire des suites de tests E2E stables, rapides et maintenables avec Playwright. Elle couvre l'organisation des fichiers de test, le modèle Page Object (POM) pour fiabiliser les interactions avec l'interface, la structure des tests avec des blocs describe et beforeEach, et une configuration avancée de Playwright (parallélisation, retries, reporters, projets multi-navigateurs). Elle aborde également les tests instables (flaky) avec des stratégies de quarantaine et d'identification, les correctifs pour les problèmes de concurrence, de timing réseau et d'animations, ainsi que la gestion des artefacts (captures d'écran, traces, vidéos). L'intégration CI/CD est illustrée par un workflow GitHub Actions, et des exemples spécifiques sont fournis pour les tests liés aux portefeuilles Web3 et aux flux financiers critiques. La compétence s'applique à tout projet utilisant Playwright (TypeScript) pour des tests E2E, en local ou en CI.

Compatible avec~Claude Code~Codex CLI~Cursor
npx skills add https://github.com/affaan-m/everything-claude-code/tree/main/skills/e2e-testing

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Documentation

Modèles de tests E2E

Modèles complets Playwright pour construire des suites de tests E2E stables, rapides et maintenables.

Organisation des fichiers de test

tests/
├── e2e/
│   ├── auth/
│   │   ├── login.spec.ts
│   │   ├── logout.spec.ts
│   │   └── register.spec.ts
│   ├── features/
│   │   ├── browse.spec.ts
│   │   ├── search.spec.ts
│   │   └── create.spec.ts
│   └── api/
│       └── endpoints.spec.ts
├── fixtures/
│   ├── auth.ts
│   └── data.ts
└── playwright.config.ts

Modèle Page Object (POM)

import { Page, Locator } from '@playwright/test'

export class ItemsPage {
  readonly page: Page
  readonly searchInput: Locator
  readonly itemCards: Locator
  readonly createButton: Locator

  constructor(page: Page) {
    this.page = page
    this.searchInput = page.locator('[data-testid="search-input"]')
    this.itemCards = page.locator('[data-testid="item-card"]')
    this.createButton = page.locator('[data-testid="create-btn"]')
  }

  async goto() {
    await this.page.goto('/items')
    await this.page.waitForLoadState('networkidle')
  }

  async search(query: string) {
    await this.searchInput.fill(query)
    await this.page.waitForResponse(resp => resp.url().includes('/api/search'))
    await this.page.waitForLoadState('networkidle')
  }

  async getItemCount() {
    return await this.itemCards.count()
  }
}

Structure de test

import { test, expect } from '@playwright/test'
import { ItemsPage } from '../../pages/ItemsPage'

test.describe('Recherche d\'articles', () => {
  let itemsPage: ItemsPage

  test.beforeEach(async ({ page }) => {
    itemsPage = new ItemsPage(page)
    await itemsPage.goto()
  })

  test('doit rechercher par mot-clé', async ({ page }) => {
    await itemsPage.search('test')

    const count = await itemsPage.getItemCount()
    expect(count).toBeGreaterThan(0)

    await expect(itemsPage.itemCards.first()).toContainText(/test/i)
    await page.screenshot({ path: 'artifacts/search-results.png' })
  })

  test('doit gérer l\'absence de résultats', async ({ page }) => {
    await itemsPage.search('xyznonexistent123')

    await expect(page.locator('[data-testid="no-results"]')).toBeVisible()
    expect(await itemsPage.getItemCount()).toBe(0)
  })
})

Configuration Playwright

import { defineConfig, devices } from '@playwright/test'

export default defineConfig({
  testDir: './tests/e2e',
  fullyParallel: true,
  forbidOnly: !!process.env.CI,
  retries: process.env.CI ? 2 : 0,
  workers: process.env.CI ? 1 : undefined,
  reporter: [
    ['html', { outputFolder: 'playwright-report' }],
    ['junit', { outputFile: 'playwright-results.xml' }],
    ['json', { outputFile: 'playwright-results.json' }]
  ],
  use: {
    baseURL: process.env.BASE_URL || 'http://localhost:3000',
    trace: 'on-first-retry',
    screenshot: 'only-on-failure',
    video: 'retain-on-failure',
    actionTimeout: 10000,
    navigationTimeout: 30000,
  },
  projects: [
    { name: 'chromium', use: { ...devices['Desktop Chrome'] } },
    { name: 'firefox', use: { ...devices['Desktop Firefox'] } },
    { name: 'webkit', use: { ...devices['Desktop Safari'] } },
    { name: 'mobile-chrome', use: { ...devices['Pixel 5'] } },
  ],
  webServer: {
    command: 'npm run dev',
    url: 'http://localhost:3000',
    reuseExistingServer: !process.env.CI,
    timeout: 120000,
  },
})

Modèles pour tests instables

Quarantaine

test('instable : recherche complexe', async ({ page }) => {
  test.fixme(true, 'Instable - Problème #123')
  // code du test...
})

test('saut conditionnel', async ({ page }) => {
  test.skip(process.env.CI, 'Instable en CI - Problème #123')
  // code du test...
})

Identifier l'instabilité

npx playwright test tests/search.spec.ts --repeat-each=10
npx playwright test tests/search.spec.ts --retries=3

Causes courantes et correctifs

Conditions de concurrence :

// Mauvais : suppose que l'élément est prêt
await page.click('[data-testid="button"]')

// Bon : localisateur avec attente automatique
await page.locator('[data-testid="button"]').click()

Timing réseau :

// Mauvais : délai arbitraire
await page.waitForTimeout(5000)

// Bon : attendre une condition spécifique
await page.waitForResponse(resp => resp.url().includes('/api/data'))

Timing d'animations :

// Mauvais : cliquer pendant une animation
await page.click('[data-testid="menu-item"]')

// Bon : attendre la stabilité
await page.locator('[data-testid="menu-item"]').waitFor({ state: 'visible' })
await page.waitForLoadState('networkidle')
await page.locator('[data-testid="menu-item"]').click()

Gestion des artefacts

Captures d'écran

await page.screenshot({ path: 'artifacts/after-login.png' })
await page.screenshot({ path: 'artifacts/full-page.png', fullPage: true })
await page.locator('[data-testid="chart"]').screenshot({ path: 'artifacts/chart.png' })

Traces

await browser.startTracing(page, {
  path: 'artifacts/trace.json',
  screenshots: true,
  snapshots: true,
})
// ... actions de test ...
await browser.stopTracing()

Vidéos

// Dans playwright.config.ts
use: {
  video: 'retain-on-failure',
  videosPath: 'artifacts/videos/'
}

Intégration CI/CD

# .github/workflows/e2e.yml
name: Tests E2E
on: [push, pull_request]

jobs:
  test:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
      - uses: actions/setup-node@v4
        with:
          node-version: 20
      - run: npm ci
      - run: npx playwright install --with-deps
      - run: npx playwright test
        env:
          BASE_URL: ${{ vars.STAGING_URL }}
      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
        if: always()
        with:
          name: playwright-report
          path: playwright-report/
          retention-days: 30

Modèle de rapport de test

# Rapport de tests E2E

**Date :** AAAA-MM-JJ HH:MM
**Durée :** Xm Ys
**Statut :** RÉUSSI / ÉCHOUÉ

## Résumé
- Total : X | Réussis : Y (Z%) | Échoués : A | Instables : B | Ignorés : C

## Tests échoués

### nom-du-test
**Fichier :** `tests/e2e/feature.spec.ts:45`
**Erreur :** Élément attendu visible
**Capture d'écran :** artifacts/failed.png
**Correctif recommandé :** [description]

## Artefacts
- Rapport HTML : playwright-report/index.html
- Captures d'écran : artifacts/*.png
- Vidéos : artifacts/videos/*.webm
- Traces : artifacts/*.zip

Tests de portefeuille / Web3

test('connexion au portefeuille', async ({ page, context }) => {
  // Simuler le fournisseur de portefeuille
  await context.addInitScript(() => {
    window.ethereum = {
      isMetaMask: true,
      request: async ({ method }) => {
        if (method === 'eth_requestAccounts')
          return ['0x1234567890123456789012345678901234567890']
        if (method === 'eth_chainId') return '0x1'
      }
    }
  })

  await page.goto('/')
  await page.locator('[data-testid="connect-wallet"]').click()
  await expect(page.locator('[data-testid="wallet-address"]')).toContainText('0x1234')
})

Tests de flux financiers / critiques

test('exécution de transaction', async ({ page }) => {
  // Ignorer en production — argent réel
  test.skip(process.env.NODE_ENV === 'production', 'Ignorer en production')

  await page.goto('/markets/test-market')
  await page.locator('[data-testid="position-yes"]').click()
  await page.locator('[data-testid="trade-amount"]').fill('1.0')

  // Vérifier l'aperçu
  const preview = page.locator('[data-testid="trade-preview"]')
  await expect(preview).toContainText('1.0')

  // Confirmer et attendre la blockchain
  await page.locator('[data-testid="confirm-trade"]').click()
  await page.waitForResponse(
    resp => resp.url().includes('/api/trade') && resp.status() === 200,
    { timeout: 30000 }
  )

  await expect(page.locator('[data-testid="trade-success"]')).toBeVisible()
})

Individual skills in this repo

This repo contains 20 individual skills — each has its own dedicated page.

accessibility

Design, implement, and audit inclusive digital products using WCAG 2.2 Level AA. Use when building or auditing UI that must meet WCAG 2.2 Level AA, or when reviewing a change for keyboard, contrast, or screen-reader support.

affaan-m/claude-api

Anthropic Claude API patterns for Python and TypeScript. Covers Messages API, streaming, tool use, vision, extended thinking, batches, prompt caching, and Claude Agent SDK. Use when building applications with the Claude API or Anthropic SDKs.

affaan-m/everything-claude-code

End-to-end marketing campaign planning and execution. Covers audience research, positioning, campaign angle definition, landing page copy, email sequences, social posts, ad copy, short-form video scripts, and content calendars. Use as the orchestration layer for multi-channel product launches. Use when planning or executing a multi-channel product launch, or producing landing page, email, social, or ad copy.

affaan-m/everything-claude-code

Development conventions and patterns for everything-claude-code. JavaScript project with conventional commits.

affaan-m/everything-claude-code-conventions

Development conventions and patterns for everything-claude-code. JavaScript project with conventional commits.

affaan-m/frontend-design

Create distinctive, production-grade frontend interfaces with high design quality. Use when the user asks to build web components, pages, or applications and the visual direction matters as much as the code quality.

affaan-m/gget

gget CLI and Python workflow for quick genomic database queries, sequence lookup, BLAST-style searches, enrichment checks, and reproducible bioinformatics evidence logs.

affaan-m/literature-review

Systematic literature-review workflow for academic, biomedical, technical, and scientific topics, including search planning, source screening, synthesis, citation checks, and evidence logging.

affaan-m/motion-ui

Production-ready UI motion system for React/Next.js. Use when implementing animations, transitions, or motion patterns.

affaan-m/project-guidelines-example

Example project-specific skill template based on a real production application.

affaan-m/pubmed-database

Direct PubMed and NCBI E-utilities search workflows for biomedical literature, MeSH queries, PMID lookup, citation retrieval, and API-backed literature monitoring.

affaan-m/scholar-evaluation

Structured scholarly-work evaluation for papers, proposals, literature reviews, methods sections, evidence quality, citation support, and research-writing feedback.

affaan-m/uspto-database

USPTO patent and trademark data workflow for official record lookup, PatentSearch queries, TSDR checks, assignment data, and reproducible IP research logs.

agent-architecture-audit

Full-stack diagnostic for agent and LLM applications. Audits the 12-layer agent stack for wrapper regression, memory pollution, tool discipline failures, hidden repair loops, and rendering corruption. Produces severity-ranked findings with code-first fixes. Essential for developers building agent applications, autonomous loops, or any LLM-powered feature. Use when an agent or LLM feature misbehaves and the failing layer is unknown, or before shipping an agent stack.

agent-eval

Head-to-head comparison of coding agents (Claude Code, Aider, Codex, etc.) on custom tasks with pass rate, cost, time, and consistency metrics. Use when choosing between coding agents, or when a change to an agent setup needs measured pass rate, cost, and time rather than an impression.

agent-harness-construction

Design and optimize AI agent action spaces, tool definitions, and observation formatting for higher completion rates. Use when defining or revising an agent

agentic-engineering

Operate as an agentic engineer using eval-first execution, decomposition, and cost-aware model routing. Use when planning or executing engineering work that agents will carry out end to end.

agentic-os

Build persistent multi-agent operating systems on Claude Code. Covers kernel architecture, specialist agents, slash commands, file-based memory, scheduled automation, and state management without external databases. Use when building a persistent multi-agent system on Claude Code with its own memory, commands, and scheduling.

agent-introspection-debugging

Structured self-debugging workflow for AI agent failures using capture, diagnosis, contained recovery, and introspection reports. Use when an agent run fails and you need a reproducible diagnosis instead of a retry.

agent-payment-x402

Add x402 payment execution to AI agents with per-task budgets, spending controls, and non-custodial wallets. Supports Base through agentwallet-sdk and X Layer through OKX Payments / OKX Agent Payments Protocol. Use when an agent must pay for something itself and needs per-task budgets, spending controls, and a non-custodial wallet.

Skills associés