Communitygithub.com

springboot-patterns

Spring Boot 架構模式、REST API 設計、分層服務、資料存取、快取、非同步處理與日誌記錄。適用於 Java Spring Boot 後端開發。在建立或審查 Spring Boot 後端(REST 層、服務層、資料存取、快取或非同步處理)時使用。

springboot-patterns 是什麼?

此技能提供了一套全面的 Spring Boot 開發模式與實作範例,專為建構可擴展、生產級別的後端服務而設計。它涵蓋了從 REST API 控制器、服務層與儲存庫的標準分層架構,到 DTO 驗證、全域例外處理、Spring Data JPA 查詢方法、以及透過 @Cacheable 與 @Async 實現的快取和非同步處理機制。此外,它還包含了高階主題,例如使用 Bucket4j 進行速率限制(並附有詳細的代理伺服器安全配置說明)、透過 SLF4J 進行結構化日誌記錄、以及基於 Micrometer 與 OpenTelemetry 的可觀測性設定。此技能支援所有主流 Java IDE 與開發環境,並提供了可直接複製使用的程式碼片段與配置建議,幫助開發者遵循最佳實務,保持控制器精簡、服務層專注、儲存庫簡單,並集中處理錯誤。

相容平台~Claude Code~Codex CLI~Cursor
npx skills add https://github.com/affaan-m/ECC/tree/main/skills/springboot-patterns

在你喜歡的 AI 中提問

開啟一個已預先載入此 Agent Skill 的新對話。

說明文件

Spring Boot 開發模式

適用於可擴展、生產級別服務的 Spring Boot 架構與 API 模式。

啟用時機

  • 使用 Spring MVC 或 WebFlux 建構 REST API
  • 組織 controller → service → repository 分層架構
  • 配置 Spring Data JPA、快取或非同步處理
  • 加入驗證、例外處理或分頁功能
  • 設定開發/測試/正式環境的設定檔 (profiles)
  • 使用 Spring Events 或 Kafka 實作事件驅動模式

REST API 結構

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/api/markets")
@Validated
class MarketController {
  private final MarketService marketService;

  MarketController(MarketService marketService) {
    this.marketService = marketService;
  }

  @GetMapping
  ResponseEntity<Page<MarketResponse>> list(
      @RequestParam(defaultValue = "0") int page,
      @RequestParam(defaultValue = "20") int size) {
    Page<Market> markets = marketService.list(PageRequest.of(page, size));
    return ResponseEntity.ok(markets.map(MarketResponse::from));
  }

  @PostMapping
  ResponseEntity<MarketResponse> create(@Valid @RequestBody CreateMarketRequest request) {
    Market market = marketService.create(request);
    return ResponseEntity.status(HttpStatus.CREATED).body(MarketResponse.from(market));
  }
}

儲存庫模式 (Spring Data JPA)

public interface MarketRepository extends JpaRepository<MarketEntity, Long> {
  @Query("select m from MarketEntity m where m.status = :status order by m.volume desc")
  List<MarketEntity> findActive(@Param("status") MarketStatus status, Pageable pageable);
}

服務層與事務管理

@Service
public class MarketService {
  private final MarketRepository repo;

  public MarketService(MarketRepository repo) {
    this.repo = repo;
  }

  @Transactional
  public Market create(CreateMarketRequest request) {
    MarketEntity entity = MarketEntity.from(request);
    MarketEntity saved = repo.save(entity);
    return Market.from(saved);
  }
}

DTO 與驗證

public record CreateMarketRequest(
    @NotBlank @Size(max = 200) String name,
    @NotBlank @Size(max = 2000) String description,
    @NotNull @FutureOrPresent Instant endDate,
    @NotEmpty List<@NotBlank String> categories) {}

public record MarketResponse(Long id, String name, MarketStatus status) {
  static MarketResponse from(Market market) {
    return new MarketResponse(market.id(), market.name(), market.status());
  }
}

例外處理

@ControllerAdvice
class GlobalExceptionHandler {
  @ExceptionHandler(MethodArgumentNotValidException.class)
  ResponseEntity<ApiError> handleValidation(MethodArgumentNotValidException ex) {
    String message = ex.getBindingResult().getFieldErrors().stream()
        .map(e -> e.getField() + ": " + e.getDefaultMessage())
        .collect(Collectors.joining(", "));
    return ResponseEntity.badRequest().body(ApiError.validation(message));
  }

  @ExceptionHandler(AccessDeniedException.class)
  ResponseEntity<ApiError> handleAccessDenied() {
    return ResponseEntity.status(HttpStatus.FORBIDDEN).body(ApiError.of("Forbidden"));
  }

  @ExceptionHandler(Exception.class)
  ResponseEntity<ApiError> handleGeneric(Exception ex) {
    // 記錄未預期的錯誤與堆疊追蹤
    return ResponseEntity.status(HttpStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR)
        .body(ApiError.of("Internal server error"));
  }
}

快取

需要在設定類別上加上 @EnableCaching 註解。

@Service
public class MarketCacheService {
  private final MarketRepository repo;

  public MarketCacheService(MarketRepository repo) {
    this.repo = repo;
  }

  @Cacheable(value = "market", key = "#id")
  public Market getById(Long id) {
    return repo.findById(id)
        .map(Market::from)
        .orElseThrow(() -> new EntityNotFoundException("Market not found"));
  }

  @CacheEvict(value = "market", key = "#id")
  public void evict(Long id) {}
}

非同步處理

需要在設定類別上加上 @EnableAsync 註解。

@Service
public class NotificationService {
  @Async
  public CompletableFuture<Void> sendAsync(Notification notification) {
    // 發送電子郵件/簡訊
    return CompletableFuture.completedFuture(null);
  }
}

日誌記錄 (SLF4J)

@Service
public class ReportService {
  private static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(ReportService.class);

  public Report generate(Long marketId) {
    log.info("generate_report marketId={}", marketId);
    try {
      // 邏輯
    } catch (Exception ex) {
      log.error("generate_report_failed marketId={}", marketId, ex);
      throw ex;
    }
    return new Report();
  }
}

中介軟體 / 過濾器

@Component
public class RequestLoggingFilter extends OncePerRequestFilter {
  private static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(RequestLoggingFilter.class);

  @Override
  protected void doFilterInternal(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response,
      FilterChain filterChain) throws ServletException, IOException {
    long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
    try {
      filterChain.doFilter(request, response);
    } finally {
      long duration = System.currentTimeMillis() - start;
      log.info("req method={} uri={} status={} durationMs={}",
          request.getMethod(), request.getRequestURI(), response.getStatus(), duration);
    }
  }
}

分頁與排序

PageRequest page = PageRequest.of(pageNumber, pageSize, Sort.by("createdAt").descending());
Page<Market> results = marketService.list(page);

錯誤容忍的外部呼叫

public <T> T withRetry(Supplier<T> supplier, int maxRetries) {
  int attempts = 0;
  while (true) {
    try {
      return supplier.get();
    } catch (Exception ex) {
      attempts++;
      if (attempts >= maxRetries) {
        throw ex;
      }
      try {
        Thread.sleep((long) Math.pow(2, attempts) * 100L);
      } catch (InterruptedException ie) {
        Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
        throw ex;
      }
    }
  }
}

速率限制 (過濾器 + Bucket4j)

安全注意事項:預設情況下,X-Forwarded-For 標頭是不可信的,因為用戶端可以偽造它。 只有在以下情況才應使用轉發的標頭:

  1. 您的應用程式位於受信任的反向代理伺服器(nginx、AWS ALB 等)之後
  2. 您已將 ForwardedHeaderFilter 註冊為 Bean
  3. 您已在 application properties 中配置了 server.forward-headers-strategy=NATIVE 或 FRAMEWORK
  4. 您的代理伺服器配置為覆蓋(而非附加)X-Forwarded-For 標頭

當 ForwardedHeaderFilter 配置正確時,request.getRemoteAddr() 將自動 從轉發的標頭返回正確的用戶端 IP。如果沒有此配置,請直接使用 request.getRemoteAddr()——它會返回直接連線的 IP,這是唯一可信賴的值。

@Component
public class RateLimitFilter extends OncePerRequestFilter {
  private final Map<String, Bucket> buckets = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();

  /*
   * 安全性:此過濾器使用 request.getRemoteAddr() 來識別速率限制的用戶端。
   *
   * 如果您的應用程式位於反向代理伺服器(nginx、AWS ALB 等)之後,您必須
   * 配置 Spring 正確處理轉發的標頭,以獲得準確的用戶端 IP 檢測:
   *
   * 1. 在 application.properties/yaml 中設定 server.forward-headers-strategy=NATIVE(適用於雲端平台)或 FRAMEWORK
   * 2. 如果使用 FRAMEWORK 策略,請註冊 ForwardedHeaderFilter:
   *
   *    @Bean
   *    ForwardedHeaderFilter forwardedHeaderFilter() {
   *        return new ForwardedHeaderFilter();
   *    }
   *
   * 3. 確保您的代理伺服器覆蓋(而非附加)X-Forwarded-For 標頭以防止偽造
   * 4. 為您的容器配置 server.tomcat.remoteip.trusted-proxies 或等效設定
   *
   * 如果沒有此配置,request.getRemoteAddr() 將返回代理伺服器 IP,而非用戶端 IP。
   * 請勿直接讀取 X-Forwarded-For——在沒有受信任的代理伺服器處理的情況下,它很容易被偽造。
   */
  @Override
  protected void doFilterInternal(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response,
      FilterChain filterChain) throws ServletException, IOException {
    // 使用 getRemoteAddr(),當配置了 ForwardedHeaderFilter 時,它返回正確的用戶端 IP,
    // 否則返回直接連線的 IP。在沒有正確的代理伺服器配置的情況下,切勿直接信任 X-Forwarded-For 標頭。
    String clientIp = request.getRemoteAddr();

    Bucket bucket = buckets.computeIfAbsent(clientIp,
        k -> Bucket.builder()
            .addLimit(Bandwidth.classic(100, Refill.greedy(100, Duration.ofMinutes(1))))
            .build());

    if (bucket.tryConsume(1)) {
      filterChain.doFilter(request, response);
    } else {
      response.setStatus(HttpStatus.TOO_MANY_REQUESTS.value());
    }
  }
}

背景工作

使用 Spring 的 @Scheduled 或與佇列(例如 Kafka、SQS、RabbitMQ)整合。保持處理器的冪等性與可觀察性。

可觀測性

  • 透過 Logback 編碼器進行結構化日誌記錄 (JSON)
  • 指標:Micrometer + Prometheus/OTel
  • 追蹤:使用 OpenTelemetry 或 Brave 後端的 Micrometer Tracing

生產環境預設配置

  • 優先使用建構子注入,避免字段注入
  • 啟用 spring.mvc.problemdetails.enabled=true 以使用 RFC 7807 錯誤(Spring Boot 3+)
  • 根據工作負載配置 HikariCP 連線池大小,設定超時時間
  • 對查詢使用 @Transactional(readOnly = true)
  • 在適當的地方透過 @NonNull 和 Optional 來強制執行空值安全性

記住:保持控制器精簡、服務專注、儲存庫簡單,並集中處理錯誤。以可維護性和可測試性為最佳化目標。

Individual skills in this repo

This repo contains 20 individual skills — each has its own dedicated page.

accessibility

Design, implement, and audit inclusive digital products using WCAG 2.2 Level AA. Use when building or auditing UI that must meet WCAG 2.2 Level AA, or when reviewing a change for keyboard, contrast, or screen-reader support.

affaan-m/content-engine

Create platform-native content systems for X, LinkedIn, TikTok, YouTube, newsletters, and repurposed multi-platform campaigns. Use when the user wants social posts, threads, scripts, content calendars, or one source asset adapted cleanly across platforms.

affaan-m/ECC

Multi-platform content distribution across X, LinkedIn, Threads, and Bluesky. Adapts content per platform using content-engine patterns. Never posts identical content cross-platform. Use when the user wants to distribute content across social platforms.

affaan-m/fal-ai-media

Unified media generation via fal.ai MCP — image, video, and audio. Covers text-to-image (Nano Banana), text/image-to-video (Seedance, Kling, Veo 3), text-to-speech (CSM-1B), and video-to-audio (ThinkSound). Use when the user wants to generate images, videos, or audio with AI.

affaan-m/manim-video

日本語翻訳:このファイルは manim-video 用の日本語翻訳が必要です

affaan-m/remotion-video-creation

Remotion のベストプラクティス - React で動画を作成する。3D、アニメーション、音声、字幕、チャート、トランジションなどをカバーするドメイン固有の29のルール。

affaan-m/video-editing

AI-assisted video editing workflows for cutting, structuring, and augmenting real footage. Covers the full pipeline from raw capture through FFmpeg, Remotion, ElevenLabs, fal.ai, and final polish in Descript or CapCut. Use when the user wants to edit video, cut footage, create vlogs, or build video content.

agent-architecture-audit

Full-stack diagnostic for agent and LLM applications. Audits the 12-layer agent stack for wrapper regression, memory pollution, tool discipline failures, hidden repair loops, and rendering corruption. Produces severity-ranked findings with code-first fixes. Essential for developers building agent applications, autonomous loops, or any LLM-powered feature. Use when an agent or LLM feature misbehaves and the failing layer is unknown, or before shipping an agent stack.

agent-eval

Head-to-head comparison of coding agents (Claude Code, Aider, Codex, etc.) on custom tasks with pass rate, cost, time, and consistency metrics. Use when choosing between coding agents, or when a change to an agent setup needs measured pass rate, cost, and time rather than an impression.

agent-harness-construction

Design and optimize AI agent action spaces, tool definitions, and observation formatting for higher completion rates. Use when defining or revising an agent

agentic-engineering

Operate as an agentic engineer using eval-first execution, decomposition, and cost-aware model routing. Use when planning or executing engineering work that agents will carry out end to end.

agentic-os

Build persistent multi-agent operating systems on Claude Code. Covers kernel architecture, specialist agents, slash commands, file-based memory, scheduled automation, and state management without external databases. Use when building a persistent multi-agent system on Claude Code with its own memory, commands, and scheduling.

agent-introspection-debugging

Structured self-debugging workflow for AI agent failures using capture, diagnosis, contained recovery, and introspection reports. Use when an agent run fails and you need a reproducible diagnosis instead of a retry.

agent-payment-x402

Add x402 payment execution to AI agents with per-task budgets, spending controls, and non-custodial wallets. Supports Base through agentwallet-sdk and X Layer through OKX Payments / OKX Agent Payments Protocol. Use when an agent must pay for something itself and needs per-task budgets, spending controls, and a non-custodial wallet.

agent-self-evaluation

Use after completing any non-trivial task. The agent self-rates its output on 5 axes — accuracy, completeness, clarity, actionability, conciseness — with concrete evidence per criterion. Produces a structured 1-5 scorecard with specific improvement suggestions.

agent-sort

Build an evidence-backed ECC install plan for a specific repo by sorting skills, commands, rules, hooks, and extras into DAILY vs LIBRARY buckets using parallel repo-aware review passes. Use when ECC should be trimmed to what a project actually needs instead of loading the full bundle.

ai-first-engineering

Engineering operating model for teams where AI agents generate a large share of implementation output. Use when setting team process, review gates, or ownership rules for a codebase largely written by agents.

ai-regression-testing

Regression testing strategies for AI-assisted development. Sandbox-mode API testing without database dependencies, automated bug-check workflows, and patterns to catch AI blind spots where the same model writes and reviews code. Use when adding regression coverage to AI-assisted code, or when the same model both wrote and reviewed a change.

android-clean-architecture

Clean Architecture patterns for Android and Kotlin Multiplatform projects — module structure, dependency rules, UseCases, Repositories, and data layer patterns. Use when structuring modules, layers, or data flow in an Android or KMP project.

angular-developer

Generates Angular code and provides architectural guidance. Trigger when creating projects, components, or services, or for best practices on reactivity (signals, linkedSignal, resource), forms, dependency injection, routing, SSR, accessibility (ARIA), animations, styling (component styles, Tailwind CSS), testing, or CLI tooling.

相關技能