Communitygithub.com

Swift 协议依赖注入测试

基于协议的依赖注入,使 Swift 代码可测试——通过聚焦的协议和 Swift Testing 来模拟文件系统、网络和外部 API。适用于需要测试且必须模拟文件系统、网络或外部 API 的 Swift 代码。

Swift 协议依赖注入测试 是什么?

该技能提供了在 Swift 中通过协议实现依赖注入的模式,以构建可测试的架构。其核心思想是将文件系统、网络、iCloud 等外部依赖抽象为小而专注的协议,并为其提供默认的生产实现和可配置错误的模拟实现。通过默认参数注入依赖,生产代码无需关心具体实现,测试时则可以方便地注入模拟对象,从而在不依赖真实 I/O 的情况下实现确定性测试。该模式完全支持 Swift 并发(Actor、Sendable),并特别强调了单一职责、Sendable 一致性、错误模拟等最佳实践,同时指出了大型协议、过度工程等反模式。它主要适用于需要模拟外部依赖的 Swift 代码测试、困难错误路径测试,以及需要在应用、测试和 SwiftUI 预览等环境中运行的模块构建。

兼容平台~Claude Code~Codex CLI~Cursor
npx skills add https://github.com/affaan-m/ECC/tree/main/skills/swift-protocol-di-testing

在你喜欢的 AI 中提问

打开一个已预加载此 Agent Skill 的新对话。

文档

Swift 基于协议的依赖注入测试

通过将外部依赖(文件系统、网络、iCloud)抽象为小而专注的协议,使 Swift 代码可测试。无需 I/O 即可实现确定性测试。

使用时机

  • 编写访问文件系统、网络或外部 API 的 Swift 代码
  • 需要测试错误处理路径,但不想触发真实失败
  • 构建需要在多种环境(应用、测试、SwiftUI 预览)中工作的模块
  • 使用 Swift 并发(Actor、Sendable)设计可测试的架构

核心模式

1. 定义小型、专注的协议

每个协议只处理一个外部关注点。

// 文件系统访问
public protocol FileSystemProviding: Sendable {
    func containerURL(for purpose: Purpose) -> URL?
}

// 文件读写操作
public protocol FileAccessorProviding: Sendable {
    func read(from url: URL) throws -> Data
    func write(_ data: Data, to url: URL) throws
    func fileExists(at url: URL) -> Bool
}

// 书签存储(例如,用于沙箱应用)
public protocol BookmarkStorageProviding: Sendable {
    func saveBookmark(_ data: Data, for key: String) throws
    func loadBookmark(for key: String) throws -> Data?
}

2. 创建默认(生产)实现

public struct DefaultFileSystemProvider: FileSystemProviding {
    public init() {}

    public func containerURL(for purpose: Purpose) -> URL? {
        FileManager.default.url(forUbiquityContainerIdentifier: nil)
    }
}

public struct DefaultFileAccessor: FileAccessorProviding {
    public init() {}

    public func read(from url: URL) throws -> Data {
        try Data(contentsOf: url)
    }

    public func write(_ data: Data, to url: URL) throws {
        try data.write(to: url, options: .atomic)
    }

    public func fileExists(at url: URL) -> Bool {
        FileManager.default.fileExists(atPath: url.path)
    }
}

3. 创建用于测试的模拟实现

public final class MockFileAccessor: FileAccessorProviding, @unchecked Sendable {
    public var files: [URL: Data] = [:]
    public var readError: Error?
    public var writeError: Error?

    public init() {}

    public func read(from url: URL) throws -> Data {
        if let error = readError { throw error }
        guard let data = files[url] else {
            throw CocoaError(.fileReadNoSuchFile)
        }
        return data
    }

    public func write(_ data: Data, to url: URL) throws {
        if let error = writeError { throw error }
        files[url] = data
    }

    public func fileExists(at url: URL) -> Bool {
        files[url] != nil
    }
}

4. 使用默认参数注入依赖

生产代码使用默认实现;测试注入模拟对象。

public actor SyncManager {
    private let fileSystem: FileSystemProviding
    private let fileAccessor: FileAccessorProviding

    public init(
        fileSystem: FileSystemProviding = DefaultFileSystemProvider(),
        fileAccessor: FileAccessorProviding = DefaultFileAccessor()
    ) {
        self.fileSystem = fileSystem
        self.fileAccessor = fileAccessor
    }

    public func sync() async throws {
        guard let containerURL = fileSystem.containerURL(for: .sync) else {
            throw SyncError.containerNotAvailable
        }
        let data = try fileAccessor.read(
            from: containerURL.appendingPathComponent("data.json")
        )
        // 处理数据...
    }
}

5. 使用 Swift Testing 编写测试

import Testing

@Test("同步管理器处理容器缺失")
func testMissingContainer() async {
    let mockFileSystem = MockFileSystemProvider(containerURL: nil)
    let manager = SyncManager(fileSystem: mockFileSystem)

    await #expect(throws: SyncError.containerNotAvailable) {
        try await manager.sync()
    }
}

@Test("同步管理器正确读取数据")
func testReadData() async throws {
    let mockFileAccessor = MockFileAccessor()
    mockFileAccessor.files[testURL] = testData

    let manager = SyncManager(fileAccessor: mockFileAccessor)
    let result = try await manager.loadData()

    #expect(result == expectedData)
}

@Test("同步管理器优雅处理读取错误")
func testReadError() async {
    let mockFileAccessor = MockFileAccessor()
    mockFileAccessor.readError = CocoaError(.fileReadCorruptFile)

    let manager = SyncManager(fileAccessor: mockFileAccessor)

    await #expect(throws: SyncError.self) {
        try await manager.sync()
    }
}

最佳实践

  • 单一职责:每个协议只处理一个关注点——不要创建包含许多方法的“上帝协议”
  • Sendable 一致性:当协议跨 Actor 边界使用时,需要一致
  • 默认参数:让生产代码默认使用真实实现;只有在测试时才需要指定模拟
  • 错误模拟:设计具有可配置错误属性的模拟,以测试失败路径
  • 仅模拟边界:模拟外部依赖(文件系统、网络、API),而不是内部类型

要避免的反模式

  • 创建一个覆盖所有外部访问的大型协议
  • 模拟没有外部依赖的内部类型
  • 使用 #if DEBUG 条件编译代替正确的依赖注入
  • 与 Actor 一起使用时忘记 Sendable 一致性
  • 过度工程:如果某个类型没有外部依赖,就不需要协议

使用时机

  • 任何涉及文件系统、网络或外部 API 的 Swift 代码
  • 测试在真实环境中难以触发的错误处理路径
  • 构建需要在应用、测试和 SwiftUI 预览上下文中工作的模块
  • 使用 Swift 并发(Actor、结构化并发)且需要可测试架构的应用

Individual skills in this repo

This repo contains 20 individual skills — each has its own dedicated page.

accessibility

Design, implement, and audit inclusive digital products using WCAG 2.2 Level AA. Use when building or auditing UI that must meet WCAG 2.2 Level AA, or when reviewing a change for keyboard, contrast, or screen-reader support.

affaan-m/content-engine

Create platform-native content systems for X, LinkedIn, TikTok, YouTube, newsletters, and repurposed multi-platform campaigns. Use when the user wants social posts, threads, scripts, content calendars, or one source asset adapted cleanly across platforms.

affaan-m/ECC

Multi-platform content distribution across X, LinkedIn, Threads, and Bluesky. Adapts content per platform using content-engine patterns. Never posts identical content cross-platform. Use when the user wants to distribute content across social platforms.

affaan-m/fal-ai-media

Unified media generation via fal.ai MCP — image, video, and audio. Covers text-to-image (Nano Banana), text/image-to-video (Seedance, Kling, Veo 3), text-to-speech (CSM-1B), and video-to-audio (ThinkSound). Use when the user wants to generate images, videos, or audio with AI.

affaan-m/manim-video

日本語翻訳:このファイルは manim-video 用の日本語翻訳が必要です

affaan-m/remotion-video-creation

Remotion のベストプラクティス - React で動画を作成する。3D、アニメーション、音声、字幕、チャート、トランジションなどをカバーするドメイン固有の29のルール。

affaan-m/video-editing

AI-assisted video editing workflows for cutting, structuring, and augmenting real footage. Covers the full pipeline from raw capture through FFmpeg, Remotion, ElevenLabs, fal.ai, and final polish in Descript or CapCut. Use when the user wants to edit video, cut footage, create vlogs, or build video content.

agent-architecture-audit

Full-stack diagnostic for agent and LLM applications. Audits the 12-layer agent stack for wrapper regression, memory pollution, tool discipline failures, hidden repair loops, and rendering corruption. Produces severity-ranked findings with code-first fixes. Essential for developers building agent applications, autonomous loops, or any LLM-powered feature. Use when an agent or LLM feature misbehaves and the failing layer is unknown, or before shipping an agent stack.

agent-eval

Head-to-head comparison of coding agents (Claude Code, Aider, Codex, etc.) on custom tasks with pass rate, cost, time, and consistency metrics. Use when choosing between coding agents, or when a change to an agent setup needs measured pass rate, cost, and time rather than an impression.

agent-harness-construction

Design and optimize AI agent action spaces, tool definitions, and observation formatting for higher completion rates. Use when defining or revising an agent

agentic-engineering

Operate as an agentic engineer using eval-first execution, decomposition, and cost-aware model routing. Use when planning or executing engineering work that agents will carry out end to end.

agentic-os

Build persistent multi-agent operating systems on Claude Code. Covers kernel architecture, specialist agents, slash commands, file-based memory, scheduled automation, and state management without external databases. Use when building a persistent multi-agent system on Claude Code with its own memory, commands, and scheduling.

agent-introspection-debugging

Structured self-debugging workflow for AI agent failures using capture, diagnosis, contained recovery, and introspection reports. Use when an agent run fails and you need a reproducible diagnosis instead of a retry.

agent-payment-x402

Add x402 payment execution to AI agents with per-task budgets, spending controls, and non-custodial wallets. Supports Base through agentwallet-sdk and X Layer through OKX Payments / OKX Agent Payments Protocol. Use when an agent must pay for something itself and needs per-task budgets, spending controls, and a non-custodial wallet.

agent-self-evaluation

Use after completing any non-trivial task. The agent self-rates its output on 5 axes — accuracy, completeness, clarity, actionability, conciseness — with concrete evidence per criterion. Produces a structured 1-5 scorecard with specific improvement suggestions.

agent-sort

Build an evidence-backed ECC install plan for a specific repo by sorting skills, commands, rules, hooks, and extras into DAILY vs LIBRARY buckets using parallel repo-aware review passes. Use when ECC should be trimmed to what a project actually needs instead of loading the full bundle.

ai-first-engineering

Engineering operating model for teams where AI agents generate a large share of implementation output. Use when setting team process, review gates, or ownership rules for a codebase largely written by agents.

ai-regression-testing

Regression testing strategies for AI-assisted development. Sandbox-mode API testing without database dependencies, automated bug-check workflows, and patterns to catch AI blind spots where the same model writes and reviews code. Use when adding regression coverage to AI-assisted code, or when the same model both wrote and reviewed a change.

android-clean-architecture

Clean Architecture patterns for Android and Kotlin Multiplatform projects — module structure, dependency rules, UseCases, Repositories, and data layer patterns. Use when structuring modules, layers, or data flow in an Android or KMP project.

angular-developer

Generates Angular code and provides architectural guidance. Trigger when creating projects, components, or services, or for best practices on reactivity (signals, linkedSignal, resource), forms, dependency injection, routing, SSR, accessibility (ARIA), animations, styling (component styles, Tailwind CSS), testing, or CLI tooling.

相关技能