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dotnet-patterns

Padrões idiomáticos em C# e .NET, convenções, injeção de dependência, async/await e melhores práticas para construir aplicações .NET robustas e de fácil manutenção. Use ao escrever ou revisar código C# / .NET — DI, async ou convenções gerais.

O que é dotnet-patterns?

Esta skill fornece um guia abrangente de padrões idiomáticos para desenvolvimento .NET com C#, cobrindo imutabilidade, dependência em abstrações, uso adequado de async/await, padrão de opções, padrão de resultado (Result), padrão de repositório com Entity Framework Core, middleware e pipeline, APIs mínimas, e guard clauses. Ela também destaca anti-padrões comuns e suas correções. A skill é útil para desenvolvedores que desejam escrever código C# limpo, sustentável e eficiente, seguindo as melhores práticas da comunidade .NET. Ela suporta plataformas .NET em geral, especialmente ASP.NET Core, e pode ser usada como referência durante escrita, revisão ou refatoração de código. O conteúdo inclui exemplos de código claros que ilustram tanto as boas práticas quanto os erros a evitar.

Funciona com~Claude Code~Codex CLI~Cursor
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Documentação

Padrões de Desenvolvimento .NET

Padrões idiomáticos em C# e .NET para construir aplicações robustas, performáticas e de fácil manutenção.

Quando Ativar

  • Escrevendo novo código C#
  • Revisando código C#
  • Refatorando aplicações .NET existentes
  • Projetando arquiteturas de serviço com ASP.NET Core

Princípios Fundamentais

1. Prefira Imutabilidade

Use registros e propriedades apenas de inicialização (init-only) para modelos de dados. A mutabilidade deve ser uma escolha explícita e justificada.

// Bom: Objeto de valor imutável
public sealed record Money(decimal Amount, string Currency);

// Bom: DTO imutável com setters init
public sealed class CreateOrderRequest
{
    public required string CustomerId { get; init; }
    public required IReadOnlyList<OrderItem> Items { get; init; }
}

// Ruim: Modelo mutável com setters públicos
public class Order
{
    public string CustomerId { get; set; }
    public List<OrderItem> Items { get; set; }
}

2. Explícito Sobre Implícito

Seja claro sobre anulabilidade, modificadores de acesso e intenção.

// Bom: Modificadores de acesso e anulabilidade explícitos
public sealed class UserService
{
    private readonly IUserRepository _repository;
    private readonly ILogger<UserService> _logger;

    public UserService(IUserRepository repository, ILogger<UserService> logger)
    {
        _repository = repository ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(repository));
        _logger = logger ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(logger));
    }

    public async Task<User?> FindByIdAsync(Guid id, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
    {
        return await _repository.FindByIdAsync(id, cancellationToken);
    }
}

3. Dependa de Abstrações

Use interfaces para limites de serviço. Registre via contêiner DI.

// Bom: Dependência baseada em interface
public interface IOrderRepository
{
    Task<Order?> FindByIdAsync(Guid id, CancellationToken cancellationToken);
    Task<IReadOnlyList<Order>> FindByCustomerAsync(string customerId, CancellationToken cancellationToken);
    Task AddAsync(Order order, CancellationToken cancellationToken);
}

// Registro
builder.Services.AddScoped<IOrderRepository, SqlOrderRepository>();

Padrões Async/Await

Uso Adequado de Async

// Bom: Async em toda a cadeia, com CancellationToken
public async Task<OrderSummary> GetOrderSummaryAsync(
    Guid orderId,
    CancellationToken cancellationToken)
{
    var order = await _repository.FindByIdAsync(orderId, cancellationToken)
        ?? throw new NotFoundException($"Pedido {orderId} não encontrado");

    var customer = await _customerService.GetAsync(order.CustomerId, cancellationToken);

    return new OrderSummary(order, customer);
}

// Ruim: Bloqueando operações async
public OrderSummary GetOrderSummary(Guid orderId)
{
    var order = _repository.FindByIdAsync(orderId, CancellationToken.None).Result; // Risco de deadlock
    return new OrderSummary(order);
}

Operações Async Paralelas

// Bom: Operações independentes concorrentes
public async Task<DashboardData> LoadDashboardAsync(CancellationToken cancellationToken)
{
    var ordersTask = _orderService.GetRecentAsync(cancellationToken);
    var metricsTask = _metricsService.GetCurrentAsync(cancellationToken);
    var alertsTask = _alertService.GetActiveAsync(cancellationToken);

    await Task.WhenAll(ordersTask, metricsTask, alertsTask);

    return new DashboardData(
        Orders: await ordersTask,
        Metrics: await metricsTask,
        Alerts: await alertsTask);
}

Padrão de Opções (Options Pattern)

Vincule seções de configuração a objetos fortemente tipados.

public sealed class SmtpOptions
{
    public const string SectionName = "Smtp";

    public required string Host { get; init; }
    public required int Port { get; init; }
    public required string Username { get; init; }
    public bool UseSsl { get; init; } = true;
}

// Registro
builder.Services.Configure<SmtpOptions>(
    builder.Configuration.GetSection(SmtpOptions.SectionName));

// Uso via injeção
public class EmailService(IOptions<SmtpOptions> options)
{
    private readonly SmtpOptions _smtp = options.Value;
}

Padrão de Resultado (Result Pattern)

Retorne sucesso/falha explícito em vez de lançar exceções para falhas esperadas.

public sealed record Result<T>
{
    public bool IsSuccess { get; }
    public T? Value { get; }
    public string? Error { get; }

    private Result(T value) { IsSuccess = true; Value = value; }
    private Result(string error) { IsSuccess = false; Error = error; }

    public static Result<T> Success(T value) => new(value);
    public static Result<T> Failure(string error) => new(error);
}

// Uso
public async Task<Result<Order>> PlaceOrderAsync(CreateOrderRequest request)
{
    if (request.Items.Count == 0)
        return Result<Order>.Failure("O pedido deve conter pelo menos um item");

    var order = Order.Create(request);
    await _repository.AddAsync(order, CancellationToken.None);
    return Result<Order>.Success(order);
}

Padrão de Repositório com EF Core

public sealed class SqlOrderRepository : IOrderRepository
{
    private readonly AppDbContext _db;

    public SqlOrderRepository(AppDbContext db) => _db = db;

    public async Task<Order?> FindByIdAsync(Guid id, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
    {
        return await _db.Orders
            .Include(o => o.Items)
            .AsNoTracking()
            .FirstOrDefaultAsync(o => o.Id == id, cancellationToken);
    }

    public async Task<IReadOnlyList<Order>> FindByCustomerAsync(
        string customerId,
        CancellationToken cancellationToken)
    {
        return await _db.Orders
            .Where(o => o.CustomerId == customerId)
            .OrderByDescending(o => o.CreatedAt)
            .AsNoTracking()
            .ToListAsync(cancellationToken);
    }

    public async Task AddAsync(Order order, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
    {
        _db.Orders.Add(order);
        await _db.SaveChangesAsync(cancellationToken);
    }
}

Middleware e Pipeline

// Middleware personalizado
public sealed class RequestTimingMiddleware
{
    private readonly RequestDelegate _next;
    private readonly ILogger<RequestTimingMiddleware> _logger;

    public RequestTimingMiddleware(RequestDelegate next, ILogger<RequestTimingMiddleware> logger)
    {
        _next = next;
        _logger = logger;
    }

    public async Task InvokeAsync(HttpContext context)
    {
        var stopwatch = Stopwatch.StartNew();
        try
        {
            await _next(context);
        }
        finally
        {
            stopwatch.Stop();
            _logger.LogInformation(
                "Requisição {Method} {Path} concluída em {ElapsedMs}ms com status {StatusCode}",
                context.Request.Method,
                context.Request.Path,
                stopwatch.ElapsedMilliseconds,
                context.Response.StatusCode);
        }
    }
}

Padrões de API Mínima (Minimal API)

// Organizado com grupos de rota
var orders = app.MapGroup("/api/orders")
    .RequireAuthorization()
    .WithTags("Orders");

orders.MapGet("/{id:guid}", async (
    Guid id,
    IOrderRepository repository,
    CancellationToken cancellationToken) =>
{
    var order = await repository.FindByIdAsync(id, cancellationToken);
    return order is not null
        ? TypedResults.Ok(order)
        : TypedResults.NotFound();
});

orders.MapPost("/", async (
    CreateOrderRequest request,
    IOrderService service,
    CancellationToken cancellationToken) =>
{
    var result = await service.PlaceOrderAsync(request, cancellationToken);
    return result.IsSuccess
        ? TypedResults.Created($"/api/orders/{result.Value!.Id}", result.Value)
        : TypedResults.BadRequest(result.Error);
});

Guard Clauses

// Bom: Retornos antecipados com validação clara
public async Task<ProcessResult> ProcessPaymentAsync(
    PaymentRequest request,
    CancellationToken cancellationToken)
{
    ArgumentNullException.ThrowIfNull(request);

    if (request.Amount <= 0)
        throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(request.Amount), "O valor deve ser positivo");

    if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(request.Currency))
        throw new ArgumentException("Moeda é obrigatória", nameof(request.Currency));

    // O caminho feliz continua aqui sem aninhamento
    var gateway = _gatewayFactory.Create(request.Currency);
    return await gateway.ChargeAsync(request, cancellationToken);
}

Anti-Padrões a Evitar

Anti-PadrãoCorreção
Métodos async voidRetorne Task (exceto manipuladores de evento)
.Result ou .Wait()Use await
catch (Exception) { }Trate ou relance com contexto
new Service() em construtoresUse injeção de construtor
Campos publicUse propriedades com acessadores apropriados
dynamic em lógica de negócioUse genéricos ou tipos explícitos
Estado static mutávelUse escopo DI ou ConcurrentDictionary
string.Format em loopsUse StringBuilder ou manipuladores de string interpolada

Individual skills in this repo

This repo contains 20 individual skills — each has its own dedicated page.

accessibility

Design, implement, and audit inclusive digital products using WCAG 2.2 Level AA. Use when building or auditing UI that must meet WCAG 2.2 Level AA, or when reviewing a change for keyboard, contrast, or screen-reader support.

affaan-m/claude-api

Anthropic Claude API patterns for Python and TypeScript. Covers Messages API, streaming, tool use, vision, extended thinking, batches, prompt caching, and Claude Agent SDK. Use when building applications with the Claude API or Anthropic SDKs.

affaan-m/everything-claude-code

End-to-end marketing campaign planning and execution. Covers audience research, positioning, campaign angle definition, landing page copy, email sequences, social posts, ad copy, short-form video scripts, and content calendars. Use as the orchestration layer for multi-channel product launches. Use when planning or executing a multi-channel product launch, or producing landing page, email, social, or ad copy.

affaan-m/everything-claude-code

Development conventions and patterns for everything-claude-code. JavaScript project with conventional commits.

affaan-m/everything-claude-code-conventions

Development conventions and patterns for everything-claude-code. JavaScript project with conventional commits.

affaan-m/frontend-design

Create distinctive, production-grade frontend interfaces with high design quality. Use when the user asks to build web components, pages, or applications and the visual direction matters as much as the code quality.

affaan-m/gget

gget CLI and Python workflow for quick genomic database queries, sequence lookup, BLAST-style searches, enrichment checks, and reproducible bioinformatics evidence logs.

affaan-m/literature-review

Systematic literature-review workflow for academic, biomedical, technical, and scientific topics, including search planning, source screening, synthesis, citation checks, and evidence logging.

affaan-m/motion-ui

Production-ready UI motion system for React/Next.js. Use when implementing animations, transitions, or motion patterns.

affaan-m/project-guidelines-example

Example project-specific skill template based on a real production application.

affaan-m/pubmed-database

Direct PubMed and NCBI E-utilities search workflows for biomedical literature, MeSH queries, PMID lookup, citation retrieval, and API-backed literature monitoring.

affaan-m/scholar-evaluation

Structured scholarly-work evaluation for papers, proposals, literature reviews, methods sections, evidence quality, citation support, and research-writing feedback.

affaan-m/uspto-database

USPTO patent and trademark data workflow for official record lookup, PatentSearch queries, TSDR checks, assignment data, and reproducible IP research logs.

agent-architecture-audit

Full-stack diagnostic for agent and LLM applications. Audits the 12-layer agent stack for wrapper regression, memory pollution, tool discipline failures, hidden repair loops, and rendering corruption. Produces severity-ranked findings with code-first fixes. Essential for developers building agent applications, autonomous loops, or any LLM-powered feature. Use when an agent or LLM feature misbehaves and the failing layer is unknown, or before shipping an agent stack.

agent-eval

Head-to-head comparison of coding agents (Claude Code, Aider, Codex, etc.) on custom tasks with pass rate, cost, time, and consistency metrics. Use when choosing between coding agents, or when a change to an agent setup needs measured pass rate, cost, and time rather than an impression.

agent-harness-construction

Design and optimize AI agent action spaces, tool definitions, and observation formatting for higher completion rates. Use when defining or revising an agent

agentic-engineering

Operate as an agentic engineer using eval-first execution, decomposition, and cost-aware model routing. Use when planning or executing engineering work that agents will carry out end to end.

agentic-os

Build persistent multi-agent operating systems on Claude Code. Covers kernel architecture, specialist agents, slash commands, file-based memory, scheduled automation, and state management without external databases. Use when building a persistent multi-agent system on Claude Code with its own memory, commands, and scheduling.

agent-introspection-debugging

Structured self-debugging workflow for AI agent failures using capture, diagnosis, contained recovery, and introspection reports. Use when an agent run fails and you need a reproducible diagnosis instead of a retry.

agent-payment-x402

Add x402 payment execution to AI agents with per-task budgets, spending controls, and non-custodial wallets. Supports Base through agentwallet-sdk and X Layer through OKX Payments / OKX Agent Payments Protocol. Use when an agent must pay for something itself and needs per-task budgets, spending controls, and a non-custodial wallet.

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