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django-patterns

Djangoアーキテクチャパターン、DRFを使用したREST API設計、ORMベストプラクティス、キャッシング、シグナル、ミドルウェア、およびプロダクショングレードのDjangoアプリケーション。DjangoアプリやDRF API、ORMクエリ、キャッシュを構築またはレビューする際に使用します。

django-patterns とは?

このスキルは、Django開発者がスケーラブルで保守性の高いプロダクショングレードのアプリケーションを構築するための包括的なガイドです。プロジェクト構造、設定分割、モデル設計、クエリセット最適化、マネージャーメソッド、Django REST Framework(DRF)のシリアライザーとビューセットパターン、サービスレイヤー、シグナル、ミドルウェア、キャッシング、テストなど、Django開発のあらゆる側面をカバーしています。Claude Code、Cursor、CodexなどのAIエージェントで使用することを想定しており、開発者がDjangoアプリケーションを構築またはレビューする際に、ベストプラクティスに沿ったコードを生成し、アーキテクチャ上の問題を特定し、パフォーマンスの改善点を提案するのに役立ちます。このスキルは、実践的なコード例とパターンを通じて、DjangoのORM、DRF、キャッシュシステムなどを効果的に活用する方法を示しています。

対応~Claude Code~Codex CLI~Cursor
npx skills add https://github.com/affaan-m/everything-claude-code/tree/main/skills/django-patterns

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ドキュメント

Django開発パターン

スケーラブルで保守性の高いアプリケーションのためのプロダクショングレードのDjangoアーキテクチャパターン。

いつアクティブにするか

  • Djangoウェブアプリケーションの構築
  • Django REST Framework APIの設計
  • Django ORMとモデルの操作
  • Djangoプロジェクト構造の設定
  • キャッシング、シグナル、ミドルウェアの実装

プロジェクト構造

推奨レイアウト

myproject/
├── config/
│   ├── __init__.py
│   ├── settings/
│   │   ├── __init__.py
│   │   ├── base.py          # ベース設定
│   │   ├── development.py   # 開発環境設定
│   │   ├── production.py    # 本番環境設定
│   │   └── test.py          # テスト設定
│   ├── urls.py
│   ├── wsgi.py
│   └── asgi.py
├── manage.py
└── apps/
    ├── __init__.py
    ├── users/
    │   ├── __init__.py
    │   ├── models.py
    │   ├── views.py
    │   ├── serializers.py
    │   ├── urls.py
    │   ├── permissions.py
    │   ├── filters.py
    │   ├── services.py
    │   └── tests/
    └── products/
        └── ...

設定分割パターン

# config/settings/base.py
from pathlib import Path

BASE_DIR = Path(__file__).resolve().parent.parent.parent

SECRET_KEY = env('DJANGO_SECRET_KEY')
DEBUG = False
ALLOWED_HOSTS = []

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    'rest_framework',
    'rest_framework.authtoken',
    'corsheaders',
    # ローカルアプリ
    'apps.users',
    'apps.products',
]

MIDDLEWARE = [
    'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
    'whitenoise.middleware.WhiteNoiseMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
    'corsheaders.middleware.CorsMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
]

ROOT_URLCONF = 'config.urls'
WSGI_APPLICATION = 'config.wsgi.application'

DATABASES = {
    'default': {
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.postgresql',
        'NAME': env('DB_NAME'),
        'USER': env('DB_USER'),
        'PASSWORD': env('DB_PASSWORD'),
        'HOST': env('DB_HOST'),
        'PORT': env('DB_PORT', default='5432'),
    }
}

# config/settings/development.py
from .base import *

DEBUG = True
ALLOWED_HOSTS = ['localhost', '127.0.0.1']

DATABASES['default']['NAME'] = 'myproject_dev'

INSTALLED_APPS += ['debug_toolbar']

MIDDLEWARE += ['debug_toolbar.middleware.DebugToolbarMiddleware']

EMAIL_BACKEND = 'django.core.mail.backends.console.EmailBackend'

# config/settings/production.py
from .base import *

DEBUG = False
ALLOWED_HOSTS = env.list('ALLOWED_HOSTS')
SECURE_SSL_REDIRECT = True
SESSION_COOKIE_SECURE = True
CSRF_COOKIE_SECURE = True
SECURE_HSTS_SECONDS = 31536000
SECURE_HSTS_INCLUDE_SUBDOMAINS = True
SECURE_HSTS_PRELOAD = True

# ロギング
LOGGING = {
    'version': 1,
    'disable_existing_loggers': False,
    'handlers': {
        'file': {
            'level': 'WARNING',
            'class': 'logging.FileHandler',
            'filename': '/var/log/django/django.log',
        },
    },
    'loggers': {
        'django': {
            'handlers': ['file'],
            'level': 'WARNING',
            'propagate': True,
        },
    },
}

モデル設計パターン

モデルのベストプラクティス

from django.db import models
from django.contrib.auth.models import AbstractUser
from django.core.validators import MinValueValidator, MaxValueValidator

class User(AbstractUser):
    """AbstractUserを拡張したカスタムユーザーモデル。"""
    email = models.EmailField(unique=True)
    phone = models.CharField(max_length=20, blank=True)
    birth_date = models.DateField(null=True, blank=True)

    USERNAME_FIELD = 'email'
    REQUIRED_FIELDS = ['username']

    class Meta:
        db_table = 'users'
        verbose_name = 'user'
        verbose_name_plural = 'users'
        ordering = ['-date_joined']

    def __str__(self):
        return self.email

    def get_full_name(self):
        return f"{self.first_name} {self.last_name}".strip()

class Product(models.Model):
    """適切なフィールド設定を持つプロダクトモデル。"""
    name = models.CharField(max_length=200)
    slug = models.SlugField(unique=True, max_length=250)
    description = models.TextField(blank=True)
    price = models.DecimalField(
        max_digits=10,
        decimal_places=2,
        validators=[MinValueValidator(0)]
    )
    stock = models.PositiveIntegerField(default=0)
    is_active = models.BooleanField(default=True)
    category = models.ForeignKey(
        'Category',
        on_delete=models.CASCADE,
        related_name='products'
    )
    tags = models.ManyToManyField('Tag', blank=True, related_name='products')
    created_at = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)
    updated_at = models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True)

    class Meta:
        db_table = 'products'
        ordering = ['-created_at']
        indexes = [
            models.Index(fields=['slug']),
            models.Index(fields=['-created_at']),
            models.Index(fields=['category', 'is_active']),
        ]
        constraints = [
            models.CheckConstraint(
                check=models.Q(price__gte=0),
                name='price_non_negative'
            )
        ]

    def __str__(self):
        return self.name

    def save(self, *args, **kwargs):
        if not self.slug:
            self.slug = slugify(self.name)
        super().save(*args, **kwargs)

クエリセットのベストプラクティス

from django.db import models

class ProductQuerySet(models.QuerySet):
    """Productモデルのカスタムクエリセット。"""

    def active(self):
        """アクティブなプロダクトのみを返す。"""
        return self.filter(is_active=True)

    def with_category(self):
        """N+1クエリを避けるために関連カテゴリを選択。"""
        return self.select_related('category')

    def with_tags(self):
        """多対多のリレーションシップのためにタグをプリフェッチ。"""
        return self.prefetch_related('tags')

    def in_stock(self):
        """在庫が0より大きいプロダクトを返す。"""
        return self.filter(stock__gt=0)

    def search(self, query):
        """名前または説明でプロダクトを検索。"""
        return self.filter(
            models.Q(name__icontains=query) |
            models.Q(description__icontains=query)
        )

class Product(models.Model):
    # ... フィールド ...

    objects = ProductQuerySet.as_manager()  # カスタムクエリセットを使用

# 使用例
Product.objects.active().with_category().in_stock()

マネージャーメソッド

class ProductManager(models.Manager):
    """複雑なクエリのためのカスタムマネージャー。"""

    def get_or_none(self, **kwargs):
        """DoesNotExistの代わりにオブジェクトまたはNoneを返す。"""
        try:
            return self.get(**kwargs)
        except self.model.DoesNotExist:
            return None

    def create_with_tags(self, name, price, tag_names):
        """関連するタグとともにプロダクトを作成。"""
        product = self.create(name=name, price=price)
        tags = [Tag.objects.get_or_create(name=name)[0] for name in tag_names]
        product.tags.set(tags)
        return product

    def bulk_update_stock(self, product_ids, quantity):
        """複数のプロダクトの在庫を一括更新。"""
        return self.filter(id__in=product_ids).update(stock=quantity)

# モデル内で
class Product(models.Model):
    # ... フィールド ...
    custom = ProductManager()

Django REST Frameworkパターン

シリアライザーパターン

from rest_framework import serializers
from django.contrib.auth.password_validation import validate_password
from .models import Product, User

class ProductSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    """Productモデルのシリアライザー。"""

    category_name = serializers.CharField(source='category.name', read_only=True)
    average_rating = serializers.FloatField(read_only=True)
    discount_price = serializers.SerializerMethodField()

    class Meta:
        model = Product
        fields = [
            'id', 'name', 'slug', 'description', 'price',
            'discount_price', 'stock', 'category_name',
            'average_rating', 'created_at'
        ]
        read_only_fields = ['id', 'slug', 'created_at']

    def get_discount_price(self, obj):
        """該当する場合、割引価格を計算。"""
        if hasattr(obj, 'discount') and obj.discount:
            return obj.price * (1 - obj.discount.percent / 100)
        return obj.price

    def validate_price(self, value):
        """価格が負でないことを確認。"""
        if value < 0:
            raise serializers.ValidationError("価格は負の値にできません。")
        return value

class ProductCreateSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    """プロダクト作成用のシリアライザー。"""

    class Meta:
        model = Product
        fields = ['name', 'description', 'price', 'stock', 'category']

    def validate(self, data):
        """複数フィールドのカスタムバリデーション。"""
        if data['price'] > 10000 and data['stock'] > 100:
            raise serializers.ValidationError(
                "高額商品を大量に在庫として持つことはできません。"
            )
        return data

class UserRegistrationSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    """ユーザー登録用のシリアライザー。"""

    password = serializers.CharField(
        write_only=True,
        required=True,
        validators=[validate_password],
        style={'input_type': 'password'}
    )
    password_confirm = serializers.CharField(write_only=True, style={'input_type': 'password'})

    class Meta:
        model = User
        fields = ['email', 'username', 'password', 'password_confirm']

    def validate(self, data):
        """パスワードが一致することを確認。"""
        if data['password'] != data['password_confirm']:
            raise serializers.ValidationError({
                "password_confirm": "パスワードフィールドが一致しません。"
            })
        return data

    def create(self, validated_data):
        """ハッシュ化されたパスワードでユーザーを作成。"""
        validated_data.pop('password_confirm')
        password = validated_data.pop('password')
        user = User.objects.create(**validated_data)
        user.set_password(password)
        user.save()
        return user

ビューセットパターン

from rest_framework import viewsets, status, filters
from rest_framework.decorators import action
from rest_framework.response import Response
from rest_framework.permissions import IsAuthenticated, IsAdminUser
from django_filters.rest_framework import DjangoFilterBackend
from .models import Product
from .serializers import ProductSerializer, ProductCreateSerializer
from .permissions import IsOwnerOrReadOnly
from .filters import ProductFilter
from .services import ProductService

class ProductViewSet(viewsets.ModelViewSet):
    """Productモデルのビューセット。"""

    queryset = Product.objects.select_related('category').prefetch_related('tags')
    permission_classes = [IsAuthenticated, IsOwnerOrReadOnly]
    filter_backends = [DjangoFilterBackend, filters.SearchFilter, filters.OrderingFilter]
    filterset_class = ProductFilter
    search_fields = ['name', 'description']
    ordering_fields = ['price', 'created_at', 'name']
    ordering = ['-created_at']

    def get_serializer_class(self):
        """アクションに基づいて適切なシリアライザーを返す。"""
        if self.action == 'create':
            return ProductCreateSerializer
        return ProductSerializer

    def perform_create(self, serializer):
        """ユーザーコンテキストで保存。"""
        serializer.save(created_by=self.request.user)

    @action(detail=False, methods=['get'])
    def featured(self, request):
        """特集プロダクトを返す。"""
        featured = self.queryset.filter(is_featured=True)[:10]
        serializer = self.get_serializer(featured, many=True)
        return Response(serializer.data)

    @action(detail=True, methods=['post'])
    def purchase(self, request, pk=None):
        """プロダクトを購入する。"""
        product = self.get_object()
        service = ProductService()
        result = service.purchase(product, request.user)
        return Response(result, status=status.HTTP_201_CREATED)

    @action(detail=False, methods=['get'], permission_classes=[IsAuthenticated])
    def my_products(self, request):
        """現在のユーザーが作成したプロダクトを返す。"""
        products = self.queryset.filter(created_by=request.user)
        page = self.paginate_queryset(products)
        serializer = self.get_serializer(page, many=True)
        return self.get_paginated_response(serializer.data)

カスタムアクション

from rest_framework.decorators import api_view, permission_classes
from rest_framework.permissions import IsAuthenticated
from rest_framework.response import Response

@api_view(['POST'])
@permission_classes([IsAuthenticated])
def add_to_cart(request):
    """プロダクトをユーザーのカートに追加。"""
    product_id = request.data.get('product_id')
    quantity = request.data.get('quantity', 1)

    try:
        product = Product.objects.get(id=product_id)
    except Product.DoesNotExist:
        return Response(
            {'error': 'プロダクトが見つかりません'},
            status=status.HTTP_404_NOT_FOUND
        )

    cart, _ = Cart.objects.get_or_create(user=request.user)
    CartItem.objects.create(
        cart=cart,
        product=product,
        quantity=quantity
    )

    return Response({'message': 'カートに追加しました'}, status=status.HTTP_201_CREATED)

サービスレイヤーパターン

# apps/orders/services.py
from typing import Optional
from django.db import transaction
from .models import Order, OrderItem

class OrderService:
    """注文関連のビジネスロジックのためのサービスレイヤー。"""

    @staticmethod
    @transaction.atomic

...

[翻訳のために切り詰められました]

Individual skills in this repo

This repo contains 20 individual skills — each has its own dedicated page.

accessibility

Design, implement, and audit inclusive digital products using WCAG 2.2 Level AA. Use when building or auditing UI that must meet WCAG 2.2 Level AA, or when reviewing a change for keyboard, contrast, or screen-reader support.

affaan-m/claude-api

Anthropic Claude API patterns for Python and TypeScript. Covers Messages API, streaming, tool use, vision, extended thinking, batches, prompt caching, and Claude Agent SDK. Use when building applications with the Claude API or Anthropic SDKs.

affaan-m/everything-claude-code

End-to-end marketing campaign planning and execution. Covers audience research, positioning, campaign angle definition, landing page copy, email sequences, social posts, ad copy, short-form video scripts, and content calendars. Use as the orchestration layer for multi-channel product launches. Use when planning or executing a multi-channel product launch, or producing landing page, email, social, or ad copy.

affaan-m/everything-claude-code

Development conventions and patterns for everything-claude-code. JavaScript project with conventional commits.

affaan-m/everything-claude-code-conventions

Development conventions and patterns for everything-claude-code. JavaScript project with conventional commits.

affaan-m/frontend-design

Create distinctive, production-grade frontend interfaces with high design quality. Use when the user asks to build web components, pages, or applications and the visual direction matters as much as the code quality.

affaan-m/gget

gget CLI and Python workflow for quick genomic database queries, sequence lookup, BLAST-style searches, enrichment checks, and reproducible bioinformatics evidence logs.

affaan-m/literature-review

Systematic literature-review workflow for academic, biomedical, technical, and scientific topics, including search planning, source screening, synthesis, citation checks, and evidence logging.

affaan-m/motion-ui

Production-ready UI motion system for React/Next.js. Use when implementing animations, transitions, or motion patterns.

affaan-m/project-guidelines-example

Example project-specific skill template based on a real production application.

affaan-m/pubmed-database

Direct PubMed and NCBI E-utilities search workflows for biomedical literature, MeSH queries, PMID lookup, citation retrieval, and API-backed literature monitoring.

affaan-m/scholar-evaluation

Structured scholarly-work evaluation for papers, proposals, literature reviews, methods sections, evidence quality, citation support, and research-writing feedback.

affaan-m/uspto-database

USPTO patent and trademark data workflow for official record lookup, PatentSearch queries, TSDR checks, assignment data, and reproducible IP research logs.

agent-architecture-audit

Full-stack diagnostic for agent and LLM applications. Audits the 12-layer agent stack for wrapper regression, memory pollution, tool discipline failures, hidden repair loops, and rendering corruption. Produces severity-ranked findings with code-first fixes. Essential for developers building agent applications, autonomous loops, or any LLM-powered feature. Use when an agent or LLM feature misbehaves and the failing layer is unknown, or before shipping an agent stack.

agent-eval

Head-to-head comparison of coding agents (Claude Code, Aider, Codex, etc.) on custom tasks with pass rate, cost, time, and consistency metrics. Use when choosing between coding agents, or when a change to an agent setup needs measured pass rate, cost, and time rather than an impression.

agent-harness-construction

Design and optimize AI agent action spaces, tool definitions, and observation formatting for higher completion rates. Use when defining or revising an agent

agentic-engineering

Operate as an agentic engineer using eval-first execution, decomposition, and cost-aware model routing. Use when planning or executing engineering work that agents will carry out end to end.

agentic-os

Build persistent multi-agent operating systems on Claude Code. Covers kernel architecture, specialist agents, slash commands, file-based memory, scheduled automation, and state management without external databases. Use when building a persistent multi-agent system on Claude Code with its own memory, commands, and scheduling.

agent-introspection-debugging

Structured self-debugging workflow for AI agent failures using capture, diagnosis, contained recovery, and introspection reports. Use when an agent run fails and you need a reproducible diagnosis instead of a retry.

agent-payment-x402

Add x402 payment execution to AI agents with per-task budgets, spending controls, and non-custodial wallets. Supports Base through agentwallet-sdk and X Layer through OKX Payments / OKX Agent Payments Protocol. Use when an agent must pay for something itself and needs per-task budgets, spending controls, and a non-custodial wallet.

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