Quarkus TDD

Quarkus TDD Workflow

TDD-Anleitung für Quarkus 3.x Dienste mit 80%+ Abdeckung (Unit + Integration). Optimiert für ereignisgesteuerte Architekturen mit Apache Camel.

Wann verwenden

• Neue Funktionen oder REST-Endpunkte
• Fehlerbehebungen oder Refactorings
• Hinzufügen von Datenzugriffslogik, Sicherheitsregeln oder reaktiven Streams
• Testen von Apache Camel-Routen und Ereignisbehandlern
• Testen von ereignisgesteuerten Diensten mit RabbitMQ
• Testen von bedingten Ablauflogiken
• Validierung von CompletableFuture-asynchronen Operationen
• Testen der LogContext-Propagation

Arbeitsablauf

1. Schreibe zuerst Tests (sie sollten fehlschlagen)
2. Implementiere minimalen Code, um sie zu bestehen
3. Refaktoriere mit grünen Tests
4. Erzwinge Abdeckung mit JaCoCo (80%+ Ziel)

Unit-Tests mit @Nested-Organisation

Befolgen Sie diesen strukturierten Ansatz für umfassende, lesbare Tests:

@ExtendWith(MockitoExtension.class)
@DisplayName("OrderService Unit Tests")
class OrderServiceTest {

  @Mock
  private OrderRepository orderRepository;

  @Mock
  private EventService eventService;

  @Mock
  private FulfillmentPublisher fulfillmentPublisher;

  @InjectMocks
  private OrderService orderService;

  private CreateOrderCommand validCommand;

  @BeforeEach
  void setUp() {
    validCommand = new CreateOrderCommand(
        "customer-123",
        List.of(new OrderLine("sku-123", 2))
    );
  }

  @Nested
  @DisplayName("Tests für createOrder")
  class CreateOrder {

    @Test
    @DisplayName("Sollte Bestellung speichern und Fulfillment-Ereignis veröffentlichen")
    void givenValidCommand_whenCreateOrder_thenPersistsAndPublishes() {
      // ARRANGE
      doNothing().when(orderRepository).persist(any(Order.class));

      // ACT
      OrderReceipt receipt = orderService.createOrder(validCommand);

      // ASSERT
      assertThat(receipt).isNotNull();
      assertThat(receipt.customerId()).isEqualTo("customer-123");
      verify(orderRepository).persist(any(Order.class));
      verify(fulfillmentPublisher).publishAsync(receipt);
      verify(eventService).createSuccessEvent(receipt, "ORDER_CREATED");
    }

    @Test
    @DisplayName("Sollte fehlende Kunden-ID ablehnen")
    void givenMissingCustomerId_whenCreateOrder_thenThrowsBadRequest() {
      // ARRANGE
      CreateOrderCommand invalid = new CreateOrderCommand("", validCommand.lines());

      // ACT & ASSERT
      WebApplicationException exception = assertThrows(
          WebApplicationException.class,
          () -> orderService.createOrder(invalid)
      );

      assertThat(exception.getResponse().getStatus()).isEqualTo(400);
      verify(orderRepository, never()).persist(any(Order.class));
      verify(fulfillmentPublisher, never()).publishAsync(any());
    }

    @Test
    @DisplayName("Sollte Fehlerereignis aufzeichnen, wenn Persistenz fehlschlägt")
    void givenPersistenceFailure_whenCreateOrder_thenRecordsErrorEvent() {
      // ARRANGE
      doThrow(new PersistenceException("Datenbank nicht verfügbar"))
          .when(orderRepository).persist(any(Order.class));

      // ACT & ASSERT
      PersistenceException exception = assertThrows(
          PersistenceException.class,
          () -> orderService.createOrder(validCommand)
      );

      assertThat(exception.getMessage()).contains("Datenbank nicht verfügbar");
      verify(eventService).createErrorEvent(
          eq(validCommand),
          eq("ORDER_CREATE_FAILED"),
          contains("Datenbank nicht verfügbar")
      );
      verify(fulfillmentPublisher, never()).publishAsync(any());
    }

    @Test
    @DisplayName("Sollte null-Befehle ablehnen")
    void givenNullCommand_whenCreateOrder_thenThrowsNullPointerException() {
      // ACT & ASSERT
      assertThrows(
          NullPointerException.class,
          () -> orderService.createOrder(null)
      );

      verify(orderRepository, never()).persist(any(Order.class));
    }
  }
}

Wichtige Testmuster

1. @Nested-Klassen: Tests nach zu testender Methode gruppieren
2. @DisplayName: Lesbare Testbeschreibungen für Testberichte bereitstellen
3. Namenskonvention: givenX_whenY_thenZ für Klarheit
4. AAA-Muster: Explizite // ARRANGE, // ACT, // ASSERT Kommentare
5. @BeforeEach: Gemeinsame Testdaten einrichten, um Duplikate zu reduzieren
6. assertDoesNotThrow: Erfolgsszenarien testen, ohne Ausnahmen abzufangen
7. assertThrows: Ausnahmeszenarien mit Nachrichtenvalidierung mit AssertJ testen
8. Umfassende Abdeckung: Happy Paths, null-Eingaben, Randfälle, Ausnahmen testen
9. Interaktionen überprüfen: Mockito verify() verwenden, um korrekte Methodenaufrufe sicherzustellen
10. Nie überprüfen: never() verwenden, um sicherzustellen, dass Methoden in Fehlerszenarien NICHT aufgerufen werden

Testen von Camel-Routen

@QuarkusTest
@DisplayName("Business Rules Camel Route Tests")
class BusinessRulesRouteTest {

  @Inject
  CamelContext camelContext;

  @Inject
  ProducerTemplate producerTemplate;

  @InjectMock
  EventService eventService;

  @InjectMock
  DocumentValidator documentValidator;

  private BusinessRulesPayload testPayload;

  @BeforeEach
  void setUp() {
    // ARRANGE - Testdaten
    testPayload = new BusinessRulesPayload();
    testPayload.setDocumentId(1L);
    testPayload.setFlowProfile(FlowProfile.BASIC);
  }

  @Nested
  @DisplayName("Tests für business-rules-publisher Route")
  class BusinessRulesPublisher {

    @Test
    @DisplayName("Sollte Nachricht erfolgreich an RabbitMQ veröffentlichen")
    void givenValidPayload_whenPublish_thenMessageSentToQueue() throws Exception {
      // ARRANGE
      MockEndpoint mockRabbitMQ = camelContext.getEndpoint("mock:rabbitmq", MockEndpoint.class);
      mockRabbitMQ.expectedMessageCount(1);

      // Ersetzen des echten Endpunkts durch Mock für Tests
      camelContext.getRouteController().stopRoute("business-rules-publisher");
      AdviceWith.adviceWith(camelContext, "business-rules-publisher", advice -> {
        advice.replaceFromWith("direct:business-rules-publisher");
        advice.weaveByToString(".*spring-rabbitmq.*").replace().to("mock:rabbitmq");
      });
      camelContext.getRouteController().startRoute("business-rules-publisher");

      // ACT
      producerTemplate.sendBody("direct:business-rules-publisher", testPayload);

      // ASSERT — body ist ein JSON-String nach .marshal().json(JsonLibrary.Jackson)
      mockRabbitMQ.assertIsSatisfied(5000);

      assertThat(mockRabbitMQ.getExchanges()).hasSize(1);
      String body = mockRabbitMQ.getExchanges().get(0).getIn().getBody(String.class);
      assertThat(body).contains("\"documentId\":1");
    }

    @Test
    @DisplayName("Sollte Marshalling zu JSON handhaben")
    void givenPayload_whenPublish_thenMarshalledToJson() throws Exception {
      // ARRANGE
      MockEndpoint mockMarshal = new MockEndpoint("mock:marshal");
      camelContext.addEndpoint("mock:marshal", mockMarshal);
      mockMarshal.expectedMessageCount(1);

      camelContext.getRouteController().stopRoute("business-rules-publisher");
      AdviceWith.adviceWith(camelContext, "business-rules-publisher", advice -> {
        advice.weaveAddLast().to("mock:marshal");
      });
      camelContext.getRouteController().startRoute("business-rules-publisher");

      // ACT
      producerTemplate.sendBody("direct:business-rules-publisher", testPayload);

      // ASSERT
      mockMarshal.assertIsSatisfied(5000);

      String body = mockMarshal.getExchanges().get(0).getIn().getBody(String.class);
      assertThat(body).contains("\"documentId\":1");
      assertThat(body).contains("\"flowProfile\":\"BASIC\"");
    }
  }

  @Nested
  @DisplayName("Tests für document-processing Route")
  class DocumentProcessing {

    @Test
    @DisplayName("Sollte Rechnung an den korrekten Prozessor weiterleiten")
    void givenInvoiceType_whenProcess_thenRoutesToInvoiceProcessor() throws Exception {
      // ARRANGE
      MockEndpoint mockInvoice = camelContext.getEndpoint("mock:invoice", MockEndpoint.class);
      mockInvoice.expectedMessageCount(1);

      camelContext.getRouteController().stopRoute("document-processing");
      AdviceWith.adviceWith(camelContext, "document-processing", advice -> {
        advice.weaveByToString(".*direct:process-invoice.*").replace().to("mock:invoice");
      });
      camelContext.getRouteController().startRoute("document-processing");

      // ACT
      producerTemplate.sendBodyAndHeader("direct:process-document",
          testPayload, "documentType", "INVOICE");

      // ASSERT
      mockInvoice.assertIsSatisfied(5000);
    }

    @Test
    @DisplayName("Sollte Validierungsfehler elegant behandeln")
    void givenValidationError_whenProcess_thenRoutesToErrorHandler() throws Exception {
      // ARRANGE
      MockEndpoint mockError = camelContext.getEndpoint("mock:error", MockEndpoint.class);
      mockError.expectedMessageCount(1);

      camelContext.getRouteController().stopRoute("document-processing");
      AdviceWith.adviceWith(camelContext, "document-processing", advice -> {
        advice.weaveByToString(".*direct:validation-error-handler.*")
            .replace().to("mock:error");
      });
      camelContext.getRouteController().startRoute("document-processing");

      // Mock-Validator-Bean zum Auslösen einer Exception
      when(documentValidator.validate(any())).thenThrow(new ValidationException("Ungültiges Dokument"));

      // ACT
      producerTemplate.sendBody("direct:process-document", testPayload);

      // ASSERT
      mockError.assertIsSatisfied(5000);

      Exception exception = mockError.getExchanges().get(0).getException();
      assertThat(exception).isInstanceOf(ValidationException.class);
      assertThat(exception.getMessage()).contains("Ungültiges Dokument");
    }
  }
}

Testen von Ereignisdiensten

@ExtendWith(MockitoExtension.class)
@DisplayName("EventService Unit Tests")
class EventServiceTest {

  @Mock
  private EventRepository eventRepository;

  @Mock
  private ObjectMapper objectMapper;

  @InjectMocks
  private EventService eventService;

  private BusinessRulesPayload testPayload;

  @BeforeEach
  void setUp() {
    // ARRANGE
    testPayload = new BusinessRulesPayload();
    testPayload.setDocumentId(1L);
  }

  @Nested
  @DisplayName("Tests für createSuccessEvent")
  class CreateSuccessEvent {

    @Test
    @DisplayName("Sollte Erfolgsereignis mit korrekten Attributen erstellen")
    void givenValidPayload_whenCreateSuccessEvent_thenEventPersisted() throws Exception {
      // ARRANGE
      when(objectMapper.writeValueAsString(testPayload)).thenReturn("{\"documentId\":1}");

      // ACT
      assertDoesNotThrow(() ->
          eventService.createSuccessEvent(testPayload, "DOCUMENT_PROCESSED"));

      // ASSERT
      verify(eventRepository).persist(argThat(event ->
          event.getType().equals("DOCUMENT_PROCESSED") &&
          event.getStatus() == EventStatus.SUCCESS &&
          event.getPayload().equals("{\"documentId\":1}") &&
          event.getTimestamp() != null
      ));
    }

    @Test
    @DisplayName("Sollte Exception werfen, wenn Payload null ist")
    void givenNullPayload_whenCreateSuccessEvent_thenThrowsException() {
      // ARRANGE
      Object nullPayload = null;

      // ACT & ASSERT
      NullPointerException exception = assertThrows(
          NullPointerException.class,
          () -> eventService.createSuccessEvent(nullPayload, "EVENT_TYPE")
      );

      assertThat(exception.getMessage()).isEqualTo("Payload darf nicht null sein");
      verify(eventRepository, never()).persist(any());
    }
  }

  @Nested
  @DisplayName("Tests für createErrorEvent")
  class CreateErrorEvent {

    @Test
    @DisplayName("Sollte Fehlerereignis mit Fehlermeldung erstellen")
    void givenError_whenCreateErrorEvent_thenEventPersistedWithMessage() throws Exception {
      // ARRANGE
      String errorMessage = "Verarbeitung fehlgeschlagen";
      when(objectMapper.writeValueAsString(testPayload)).thenReturn("{\"documentId\":1}");

      // ACT
      assertDoesNotThrow(() ->
          eventService.createErrorEvent(testPayload, "PROCESSING_ERROR", errorMessage));

      // ASSERT
      verify(eventRepository).persist(argThat(event ->
          event.getType().equals("PROCESSING_ERROR") &&
          event.getStatus() == EventStatus.ERROR &&
          event.getErrorMessage().equals(errorMessage) &&
          event.getPayload().equals("{\"documentId\":1}")
      ));
    }

    @ParameterizedTest
    @DisplayName("Sollte ungültige Fehlermeldungen ablehnen")
    @ValueSource(strings = {"", " "})
    void givenBlankErrorMessage_whenCreateErrorEvent_thenThrowsException(String blankMessage) {
      // ACT & ASSERT
      IllegalArgumentException exception = assertThrows(
          IllegalArgumentException.class,
          () -> eventService.createErrorEvent(testPayload, "ERROR", blankMessage)
      );

      assertThat(exception.getMessage()).contains("Fehlermeldung darf nicht leer sein");
    }
  }
}

Testen von CompletableFuture

@ExtendWith(MockitoExtension.class)
@DisplayName("FileStorageService Unit Tests")
class FileStorageServiceTest {

  @Mock
  private S3Client s3Client;

  @Mock
  private ExecutorService executorService;

  @InjectMocks
  private FileStorageService fileStorageService;

  private InputStream testInputStream;
  private LogContext testLogContext;

  @BeforeEach
  void setUp() {
    // ARRANGE
    testInputStream = new ByteArrayInputStream("Testinhalt".getBytes());
    testLogContext = new LogContext();
    testLogContext.put("traceId", "trace-123");
  }

  @Nested
  @DisplayName("Tests für uploadOriginalFile")
  class UploadOriginalFile {

    @Test
    @DisplayName("Sollte Datei erfolgreich hochladen und Dokumenteninfo zurückgeben")
    void givenValidFile_whenUpload_thenReturnsDocumentInfo() throws Exception {
      // ARRANGE
      doAnswer(invocation -> {
        ((Runnable) invocation.getArgument(0)).run();
        return null;
      }).when(executorService).execute(any(Runnable.class));

      when(s3Client.putObject(any(PutObjectRequest.class), any(RequestBody.class)))
          .thenReturn(PutObjectResponse.builder().build());

      // ACT
      CompletableFuture<StoredDocumentInfo> future = fileStorageService.uploadOriginalFile(
          testInputStream, testLogContext);

      // ASSERT
      StoredDocumentInfo info = future.get(5, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
      assertThat(info).isNotNull();
      assertThat(info.getFileName()).isEqualTo("original.pdf");
      assertThat(info.getSize()).isEqualTo(1024L);
    }

    @Test
    @DisplayName("Sollte null-Stream ablehnen")
    void givenNullInputStream_whenUpload_thenThrowsException() throws Exception {
      // ARRANGE
      InputStream nullStream = null;

      // ACT & ASSERT
      assertThrows(NullPointerException.class, () ->
          fileStorageService.uploadOriginalFile(nullStream, testLogContext).get(5, TimeUnit.SECONDS));
    }

    @Test
    @DisplayName("Sollte LogContext korrekt propagieren")
    void givenLogContext_whenUpload_thenContextPropagatedToAsyncTask() throws Exception {
      // ARRANGE
      final AtomicBoolean contextChecked = new AtomicBoolean(false);
      doAnswer(invocation -> {
        Runnable task = invocation.getArgument(0);
        assertThat(LogContext.get()).isNotNull();
        assertThat(LogContext.get().get("traceId")).isEqualTo("trace-123");
        contextChecked.set(true);
        task.run();
        return null;
      }).when(executorService).execute(any(Runnable.class));

      when(s3Client.putObject(any(PutObjectRequest.class), any(RequestBody.class)))
          .thenReturn(PutObjectResponse.builder().build());

      // ACT
      fileStorageService.uploadOriginalFile(testInputStream, testLogContext).get(5, TimeUnit.SECONDS);

      // ASSERT
      assertThat(contextChecked.get()).isTrue();
    }

    @Test
    @DisplayName("Sollte Fehler mit vollständigen Kontextdetails protokollieren")
    void givenS3Failure_whenUpload_thenLogIncludesContext() throws Exception {
      // ARRANGE
      doAnswer(invocation -> {
        Runnable task = invocation.getArgument(0);
        task.run();
        return null;
      }).when(executorService).execute(any(Runnable.class));

      when(s3Client.putObject(any(PutObjectRequest.class), any(RequestBody.class)))
          .thenThrow(S3Exception.builder().statusCode(500).build());

      // ACT & ASSERT
      ExecutionException exception = assertThrows(ExecutionException.class, () ->
          fileStorageService.uploadOriginalFile(testInputStream, testLogContext).get(5, TimeUnit.SECONDS));

      assertThat(exception.getCause()).isInstanceOf(S3Exception.class);
    }
  }
}

JaCoCo-Konfiguration

<plugin>
  <groupId>org.jacoco</groupId>
  <artifactId>jacoco-maven-plugin</artifactId>
  <version>0.8.11</version>
  <executions>
    <execution>
      <goals>
        <goal>prepare-agent</goal>
      </goals>
    </execution>
    <execution>
      <id>report</id>
      <phase>test</phase>
      <goals>
        <goal>report</goal>
      </goals>
    </execution>
    <execution>
      <id>check</id>
      <phase>verify</phase>
      <goals>
        <goal>check</goal>
      </goals>
      <configuration>
        <rules>
          <rule>
            <element>BUNDLE</element>
            <limits>
              <limit>
                <counter>INSTRUCTION</counter>
                <value>COVEREDRATIO</value>
                <minimum>0.80</minimum>
              </limit>
            </limits>
          </rule>
        </rules>
      </configuration>
    </execution>
  </executions>
</plugin>

Wichtige JaCoCo-Einstellungen

• prepare-agent: Fügt JaCoCo-Agent zum Start hinzu
• report: Erzeugt HTML/XML-Berichte in target/jacoco-ut/
• check: Erzwingt 80%+ Abdeckung während der verify-Phase
• Ausschlüsse: Fügen Sie generierte Klassen und Testinfrastruktur mit <excludes> hinzu