像程序员一样思考

像程序员一样思考 是做什么的？

一份精心策划的（大部分）技术资源目录，每个软件开发者都应了解，无论技能水平或技术栈如何。基于社区清单 https://github.com/mtdvio/every-programmer-should-know ，由Alexey Migutsky及贡献者提供，采用 CC BY 4.0 许可。原始清单公开声明“高度主观，无科学依据”，且无特定顺序。

何时使用

• “我接下来该学什么 / 每个开发者都应该了解关于X的什么？”
• 请求关于基础主题的书籍、演讲、论文、课程或文章。
• 解释一个概念（浮点数、时区、Unicode、内存、CAP/分布式时钟、密码学），并希望指向权威读物。
• 职业问题：面试、薪资谈判、股权、远程工作、简历。
• “我在哪里可以练习编程 / 准备面试？”

如何使用

1. 将问题匹配到下面目录的一个或多个部分。
2. 推荐2-4个资源，不要推荐整个部分。对于每个资源，用一句话说明其适合的原因及其格式（书籍/视频/文章/论文/课程/网站）。
3. 根据水平调整：初学者优先使用可视化或浅显的资源（《图解算法》、Hello Algo、Learn X in Y Minutes）；有经验的开发者使用更深入或经典的材料（《算法导论》、DDIA、Lamport、Out of the Tar Pit）。
4. 如果目录中没有该主题，请如实说明并从一般知识中回答；不要强行推荐不相关的链接。
5. 一些链接已过时或可能失效。如果可以访问网络且链接重要，在使用前先验证；否则说明链接可能已过时。
6. 用用户的语言回复；保持资源标题的原始形式。
7. 在适当的时候提醒人们，没有人需要记住所有这些——这是一张地图，不是一个清单。

推荐学习路径（目录组合）

• CS新手： 计算机科学地图 → 计算机科学路线图 → 《图解算法》→ Big O 速查表 → 浮点数指南 → Unicode 与字符集。
• 后端/分布式系统： 延迟数字 → 理解分布式系统 → 《数据密集型应用系统设计》→ 分布式计算的谬误 → 《时间、时钟与分布式系统中事件排序》→ Jepsen。
• 写出更好的代码： 《可读代码的艺术》→ 《Clean Code》/ 《代码大全》→ 《高效处理遗留代码》→ Out of the Tar Pit → Simple Made Easy。
• 面试准备： Tech Interview Handbook → 《Cracking the Coding Interview》→ LeetCode / Codility → How To Interview As a Developer Candidate → Ten Rules for Negotiating a Job Offer。
• 安全基础： OWASP Top 10 → Portswigger Academy → 哈希、加密与编码 → 密码学正确答案 → Rolling Your Own Crypto (为何不应这样做)。

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目录

介绍

• Map of Computer Science (视频) — https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SzJ46YA_RaA
• 40 Key Computer Science Concepts Explained in Layman's Terms (文章) — http://carlcheo.com/compsci
• Computer Science Roadmap (文章) — https://roadmap.sh/computer-science
• Community-driven Roadmaps for Developers (网站) — https://github.com/kamranahmedse/developer-roadmap

谬误

• Awesome Falsehoods (清单) — https://github.com/kdeldycke/awesome-falsehood — 程序员关于字符串、地址、姓名、数字、电子邮件、时区、日期等的常见谬误。

算法

• Big O Cheatsheet (网站) — http://bigocheatsheet.com/
• Computer Science Distilled (书籍) — https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/34189798-computer-science-distilled
• Grokking Algorithms (书籍) — https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/22847284-grokking-algorithms-an-illustrated-guide-for-programmers-and-other-curio
• Introduction to Algorithms (书籍) — https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/108986.Introduction_to_Algorithms
• Algorithms Visualization (网站) — https://www.cs.usfca.edu/~galles/visualization/Algorithms.html
• Algorithms for Competitive Programming (网站) — https://cp-algorithms.com/

数据结构

• Hello Algo (书籍) — https://www.hello-algo.com/en/chapter_preface/about_the_book/
• UC Berkeley Data Structures Course (视频/课程) — https://sp19.datastructur.es/
• Foundations of Data Structures, edX (课程) — https://www.edx.org/course/foundations-data-structures-iitbombayx-cs213-1x-0
• Data Structures, Coursera (课程) — https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures
• Mathematics for Computer Science, Eric Lehman 等 (书籍, PDF) — https://people.csail.mit.edu/meyer/mcs.pdf

数字

• How to Count (书籍) — https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/12093869-how-to-count
• Floating Point Guide (文章) — http://floating-point-gui.de/
• What Every Computer Scientist Should Know About Floating-Point Arithmetic (文章) — https://docs.oracle.com/cd/E19957-01/806-3568/ncg_goldberg.html
• Basic Number Theory Every Programmer Should Know (文章) — https://www.codechef.com/wiki/tutorial-number-theory/

字符串

• Unicode and Character Sets, Joel Spolsky (文章) — https://www.joelonsoftware.com/articles/Unicode.html
• Homoglyphs (工具) — https://github.com/codebox/homoglyph/
• Unicode Common Locale Data Repository (网站) — http://cldr.unicode.org/
• ASCII (视频) — https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B1Sf1IhA0j4
• UTF-8 (视频) — https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vLBtrd9Ar28

延迟

• Interactive Latency Infographics (网站) — https://people.eecs.berkeley.edu/~rcs/research/interactive_latency.html
• Latency Numbers Every Programmer Should Know (文章) — https://gist.github.com/jboner/2841832

时间

• Some Notes About Time (文章) — https://unix4lyfe.org/time/
• The Problem with Timezones (视频) — https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-5wpm-gesOY

内存

• What Every Programmer Should Know About Memory, Ulrich Drepper (文章系列) — https://lwn.net/Articles/250967/ — 完整论文 PDF: https://akkadia.org/drepper/cpumemory.pdf

分布式系统

• Understanding Distributed Systems (书籍) — https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/56977420-understanding-distributed-systems
• Designing Data-Intensive Applications (书籍) — https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/23463279-designing-data-intensive-applications
• Designs, Lessons and Advice from Building Large Distributed Systems, Jeff Dean (论文/幻灯片) — https://www.cs.cornell.edu/projects/ladis2009/talks/dean-keynote-ladis2009.pdf
• Time, Clocks and the Ordering of Events in a Distributed System, Leslie Lamport (论文) — https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/publication/time-clocks-ordering-events-distributed-system/
• There Is No Now (文章) — https://queue.acm.org/detail.cfm?id=2745385
• Jepsen: how databases behave under partition (文章) — https://aphyr.com/tags/jepsen
• Fallacies of Distributed Computing Explained (论文) — https://pages.cs.wisc.edu/~zuyu/files/fallacies.pdf

机器学习

• Andrew Ng Machine Learning Specialization (课程) — https://www.coursera.org/specializations/machine-learning-introduction

正则表达式

• RegexHQ (网站) — https://github.com/regexhq
• Learn Regex the Easy Way (教程) — https://github.com/ziishaned/learn-regex
• Regex Crossword (游戏) — https://regexcrossword.com/

安全

• Secure Programming HOWTO, David Wheeler (书籍) — https://www.dwheeler.com/secure-programs/
• Rolling Your Own Crypto (文章) — http://loup-vaillant.fr/articles/rolling-your-own-crypto
• Cryptographic Right Answers (文章) — https://gist.github.com/tqbf/be58d2d39690c3b366ad
• An Open Letter to Developers Everywhere (About Cryptography) (文章) — https://gist.github.com/paragonie-scott/e9319254c8ecbad4f227
• Foundations of Security: What Every Programmer Needs to Know (书籍) — https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/128003.Foundations_of_Security
• OWASP Top 10 (参考) — https://owasp.org/www-project-top-ten — Web 应用程序漏洞的标准清单。
• PortSwigger Web Security Academy (实验) — https://portswigger.net — 动手实践的 Web 安全实验。
• Web Application Exploits and Defenses, Google Gruyere (实验) — https://google-gruyere.appspot.com/part1
• Hashing, Encryption and Encoding (文章) — https://www.integralist.co.uk/posts/hashing-and-encryption/

用户体验/可用性

• Don't Make Me Think (书籍) — https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/18197267-don-t-make-me-think-revisited
• Inventing on Principle, Bret Victor (视频) — https://vimeo.com/906418692

SEO

• What Every Programmer Should Know About SEO (文章) — https://katemats.com/blog/what-every-programmer-should-know-about-seo

架构

• A Field Guide to Boxology (论文) — https://web.cs.wpi.edu/~cs562/s98/pdf/Boxology.pdf
• Out of the Tar Pit (论文) — https://github.com/papers-we-love/papers-we-love/blob/master/design/out-of-the-tar-pit.pdf
• No Silver Bullet, Fred Brooks (论文) — http://www.cs.unc.edu/techreports/86-020.pdf
• Growing a Language, Guy Steele (视频) — https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_ahvzDzKdB0
• CQRS and Event Sourcing (视频) — https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JHGkaShoyNs
• Practical Object-Oriented Design in Ruby (书籍) — https://www.poodr.com/
• Evolutionary Software Architectures (视频) — https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CglSFhwbI3s
• System Design Primer (指南) — https://github.com/donnemartin/system-design-primer
• How JavaScript Works, parts 1-4 (文章) — https://medium.com/sessionstack-blog/how-does-javascript-actually-work-part-1-b0bacc073cf
• Entity-Component-System Architecture with Unity by Example (视频) — https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lNTaC-JWmdI

代码设计

• Programming Principles Wiki (网站) — http://www.principles-wiki.net/

工程哲学

• Category Theory in Life (视频) — https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ho7oagHeqNc
• Simple Made Easy, Rich Hickey (视频) — https://www.infoq.com/presentations/Simple-Made-Easy
• Speed in Software Development (文章) — https://www.targetprocess.com/articles/speed-in-software-development/
• #NoEstimates (视频) — https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QVBlnCTu9Ms
• The Myth of the Genius Programmer (视频) — https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0SARbwvhupQ
• Making Badass Developers, Kathy Sierra (视频) — https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FKTxC9pl-WM
• The Ten Rules of a Zen Programmer (文章) — https://www.zenprogrammer.org/en/10-rules-of-a-zen-programmer.html
• The Mythical 10x Programmer, antirez (文章) — http://antirez.com/news/112
• The Debugging Mindset (文章) — https://queue.acm.org/detail.cfm?id=3068754
• The Future of Programming, Bret Victor (视频) — http://worrydream.com/dbx/
• The Good Software Development Manifesto (文章) — https://www.infoworld.com/article/3214481/application-development/the-good-software-development-manifesto.html
• All the Little Things, Sandi Metz (视频) — https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8bZh5LMaSmE
• Teach Yourself Programming in Ten Years, Peter Norvig (文章) — https://norvig.com/21-days.html

实践

• Working Effectively with Legacy Code (书籍) — https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/44919.Working_Effectively_with_Legacy_Code
• The Art of Readable Code (书籍) — https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/8677004-the-art-of-readable-code
• Code Complete (书籍) — https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/4845.Code_Complete
• Clean Code (书籍) — https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/3735293-clean-code
• Test Driven Development: By Example (书籍) — https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/387190.Test_Driven_Development
• Going To Production Checklist (清单) — https://github.com/mr-mig/going-to-production
• Release It! (书籍) — https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/1069827.Release_It_
• Professor Frisby's Mostly Adequate Guide to Functional Programming (书籍) — https://mostly-adequate.gitbook.io/mostly-adequate-guide/
• SICP: Structure and Interpretation of Computer Programs (书籍) — https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/43713.Structure_and_Interpretation_of_Computer_Programs
• Thirteen Ways of Looking at a Turtle (文章) — https://fsharpforfunandprofit.com/posts/13-ways-of-looking-at-a-turtle-3/
• Programming Paradigms for Dummies, Peter Van Roy (论文) — https://www.info.ucl.ac.be/~pvr/VanRoyChapter.pdf
• Learn X in Y Minutes (网站) — https://learnxinyminutes.com/ — 每种语言的精简基础。
• Hyperpolyglot (网站) — http://hyperpolyglot.org/ — 类似语言的功能并排对比。
• Pomodoro for Programmers (文章) — https://medium.com/@mr_mig_by/pomodoro-for-programmers-d6568dd1e6fc
• Site Reliability Engineering, Google (书籍, 免费在线) — https://sre.google/sre-book/table-of-contents/

职业

• Levels.fyi (网站) — https://www.levels.fyi — 各科技公司薪资数据。
• 10 Things Every Programmer Should Know for Their First Job (文章) — http://www.applematters.com/article/10-things-every-programmer-should-know-for-their-first-job/
• How Much Do Software Engineers Really Make in Each City? (文章) — https://www.codementor.io/blog/best-cities-software-engineer-earnings-271vpf599k
• Software Engineering 101 (幻灯片) — https://slides.com/mr-mig/se101
• The Passionate Programmer (书籍) — https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/6399113-the-passionate-programmer
• Soft Skills: The Software Developer's Life Manual (书籍) — https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/23232941-soft-skills
• The Complete Software Developer's Career Guide (书籍) — https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/35674293-the-complete-software-developer-s-career-guide
• Programming Beyond Practices (书籍) — https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/29895093-programming-beyond-practices
• Ten Rules for Negotiating a Job Offer (文章) — https://medium.com/free-code-camp/ten-rules-for-negotiating-a-job-offer-ee17cccbdab6
• How To Interview As a Developer Candidate (文章) — https://medium.freecodecamp.com/how-to-interview-as-a-developer-candidate-b666734f12dd
• How To Get a Tech Job Abroad Faster (文章) — https://relocate.me/blog/job-relocation/landing-a-tech-job-abroad-7-simple-tips/
• How To Be a STAR Engineer (论文) — http://vlsicad.ucsd.edu/Research/Advice/star_engineer.pdf
• TL;DR Stock Option ...

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