gulmezbugra/pensar-como-programador

Piensa como un Programador

Un catálogo curado de recursos (principalmente) técnicos que todo desarrollador de software debería conocer, independientemente de su nivel de habilidad o stack tecnológico. Basado en la lista comunitaria en https://github.com/mtdvio/every-programmer-should-know por Alexey Migutsky y colaboradores, con licencia CC BY 4.0. El original es abiertamente "muy opinado, sin respaldo científico" y en ningún orden en particular.

Cuándo usar

• "¿Qué debería aprender a continuación / qué debería saber todo desarrollador sobre X?"
• Solicitudes de un libro, charla, paper, curso o artículo sobre un tema fundamental.
• Explicar un concepto (coma flotante, husos horarios, Unicode, memoria, CAP/relojes distribuidos, criptografía) y querer señalar la lectura canónica.
• Preguntas de carrera: entrevistas, negociación de ofertas, equidad, trabajo remoto, currículum.
• "¿Dónde puedo practicar programación / prepararme para entrevistas?"

Cómo usar

1. Empareja la pregunta con una o más secciones del catálogo a continuación.
2. Recomienda de 2 a 4 recursos, no la sección completa. Para cada uno, da una línea sobre por qué encaja y su formato (libro / video / artículo / paper / curso / sitio).
3. Ajusta según el nivel: los principiantes obtienen primero recursos visuales o suaves (Grokking Algorithms, Hello Algo, Learn X in Y Minutes); los desarrolladores experimentados obtienen el material más profundo o clásico (Introduction to Algorithms, DDIA, Lamport, Out of the Tar Pit).
4. Si el tema no está en el catálogo, dilo claramente y responde desde el conocimiento general; no fuerces un enlace no relacionado.
5. Algunos enlaces son antiguos y pueden haberse movido o roto. Si hay acceso web y un enlace es importante, verifícalo antes de confiar en él; de lo contrario, menciona que el enlace puede estar desactualizado.
6. Responde en el idioma del usuario; mantén los títulos de los recursos en su forma original.
7. Recuerda a las personas cuando sea útil que nadie necesita saber todo esto de memoria — es un mapa, no una lista de verificación.

Rutas sugeridas (combinaciones del catálogo)

• Nuevo en CS: Map of Computer Science → Computer Science Roadmap → Grokking Algorithms → Big O Cheatsheet → Floating Point Guide → Unicode and Character Sets.
• Backend / sistemas distribuidos: Latency Numbers → Understanding Distributed Systems → Designing Data-Intensive Applications → Fallacies of Distributed Computing → Time, Clocks and the Ordering of Events → Jepsen.
• Escribir mejor código: The Art of Readable Code → Clean Code / Code Complete → Working Effectively with Legacy Code → Out of the Tar Pit → Simple Made Easy.
• Preparación para entrevistas: Tech Interview Handbook → Cracking the Coding Interview → LeetCode / Codility → How To Interview As a Developer Candidate → Ten Rules for Negotiating a Job Offer.
• Fundamentos de seguridad: OWASP Top 10 → Portswigger Academy → Hashing, Encryption and Encoding → Cryptographic Right Answers → Rolling Your Own Crypto (por qué no).

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Catálogo

Introducción

• Map of Computer Science (video) — https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SzJ46YA_RaA
• 40 Key Computer Science Concepts Explained in Layman's Terms (artículo) — http://carlcheo.com/compsci
• Computer Science Roadmap (artículo) — https://roadmap.sh/computer-science
• Community-driven Roadmaps for Developers (sitio) — https://github.com/kamranahmedse/developer-roadmap

Falsedades

• Awesome Falsehoods (lista) — https://github.com/kdeldycke/awesome-falsehood — falsedades que los programadores creen sobre cadenas, direcciones, nombres, números, correos electrónicos, husos horarios, fechas y más.

Algoritmos

• Big O Cheatsheet (sitio) — http://bigocheatsheet.com/
• Computer Science Distilled (libro) — https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/34189798-computer-science-distilled
• Grokking Algorithms (libro) — https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/22847284-grokking-algorithms-an-illustrated-guide-for-programmers-and-other-curio
• Introduction to Algorithms (libro) — https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/108986.Introduction_to_Algorithms
• Algorithms Visualization (sitio) — https://www.cs.usfca.edu/~galles/visualization/Algorithms.html
• Algorithms for Competitive Programming (sitio) — https://cp-algorithms.com/

Estructuras de Datos

• Hello Algo (libro) — https://www.hello-algo.com/en/chapter_preface/about_the_book/
• UC Berkeley Data Structures Course (video/curso) — https://sp19.datastructur.es/
• Foundations of Data Structures, edX (curso) — https://www.edx.org/course/foundations-data-structures-iitbombayx-cs213-1x-0
• Data Structures, Coursera (curso) — https://www.coursera.org/learn/data-structures
• Mathematics for Computer Science, Eric Lehman et al. (libro, PDF) — https://people.csail.mit.edu/meyer/mcs.pdf

Números

• How to Count (libro) — https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/12093869-how-to-count
• Floating Point Guide (artículo) — http://floating-point-gui.de/
• What Every Computer Scientist Should Know About Floating-Point Arithmetic (artículo) — https://docs.oracle.com/cd/E19957-01/806-3568/ncg_goldberg.html
• Basic Number Theory Every Programmer Should Know (artículo) — https://www.codechef.com/wiki/tutorial-number-theory/

Cadenas

• Unicode and Character Sets, Joel Spolsky (artículo) — https://www.joelonsoftware.com/articles/Unicode.html
• Homoglyphs (herramienta) — https://github.com/codebox/homoglyph/
• Unicode Common Locale Data Repository (sitio) — http://cldr.unicode.org/
• ASCII (video) — https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B1Sf1IhA0j4
• UTF-8 (video) — https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vLBtrd9Ar28

Latencia

• Interactive Latency Infographics (sitio) — https://people.eecs.berkeley.edu/~rcs/research/interactive_latency.html
• Latency Numbers Every Programmer Should Know (artículo) — https://gist.github.com/jboner/2841832

Tiempo

• Some Notes About Time (artículo) — https://unix4lyfe.org/time/
• The Problem with Timezones (video) — https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-5wpm-gesOY

Memoria

• What Every Programmer Should Know About Memory, Ulrich Drepper (serie de artículos) — https://lwn.net/Articles/250967/ — PDF completo del paper: https://akkadia.org/drepper/cpumemory.pdf

Sistemas Distribuidos

• Understanding Distributed Systems (libro) — https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/56977420-understanding-distributed-systems
• Designing Data-Intensive Applications (libro) — https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/23463279-designing-data-intensive-applications
• Designs, Lessons and Advice from Building Large Distributed Systems, Jeff Dean (paper/diapositivas) — https://www.cs.cornell.edu/projects/ladis2009/talks/dean-keynote-ladis2009.pdf
• Time, Clocks and the Ordering of Events in a Distributed System, Leslie Lamport (paper) — https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/publication/time-clocks-ordering-events-distributed-system/
• There Is No Now (artículo) — https://queue.acm.org/detail.cfm?id=2745385
• Jepsen: how databases behave under partition (artículos) — https://aphyr.com/tags/jepsen
• Fallacies of Distributed Computing Explained (paper) — https://pages.cs.wisc.edu/~zuyu/files/fallacies.pdf

Aprendizaje Automático

• Andrew Ng Machine Learning Specialization (curso) — https://www.coursera.org/specializations/machine-learning-introduction

Expresiones Regulares

• RegexHQ (sitio) — https://github.com/regexhq
• Learn Regex the Easy Way (tutorial) — https://github.com/ziishaned/learn-regex
• Regex Crossword (juego) — https://regexcrossword.com/

Seguridad

• Secure Programming HOWTO, David Wheeler (libro) — https://www.dwheeler.com/secure-programs/
• Rolling Your Own Crypto (artículo) — http://loup-vaillant.fr/articles/rolling-your-own-crypto
• Cryptographic Right Answers (artículo) — https://gist.github.com/tqbf/be58d2d39690c3b366ad
• An Open Letter to Developers Everywhere (About Cryptography) (artículo) — https://gist.github.com/paragonie-scott/e9319254c8ecbad4f227
• Foundations of Security: What Every Programmer Needs to Know (libro) — https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/128003.Foundations_of_Security
• OWASP Top 10 (referencia) — https://owasp.org/www-project-top-ten — la lista estándar de vulnerabilidades de aplicaciones web.
• PortSwigger Web Security Academy (laboratorios) — https://portswigger.net — laboratorios prácticos de seguridad web.
• Web Application Exploits and Defenses, Google Gruyere (laboratorios) — https://google-gruyere.appspot.com/part1
• Hashing, Encryption and Encoding (artículo) — https://www.integralist.co.uk/posts/hashing-and-encryption/

UX / Usabilidad

• Don't Make Me Think (libro) — https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/18197267-don-t-make-me-think-revisited
• Inventing on Principle, Bret Victor (video) — https://vimeo.com/906418692

SEO

• What Every Programmer Should Know About SEO (artículo) — https://katemats.com/blog/what-every-programmer-should-know-about-seo

Arquitectura

• A Field Guide to Boxology (paper) — https://web.cs.wpi.edu/~cs562/s98/pdf/Boxology.pdf
• Out of the Tar Pit (paper) — https://github.com/papers-we-love/papers-we-love/blob/master/design/out-of-the-tar-pit.pdf
• No Silver Bullet, Fred Brooks (paper) — http://www.cs.unc.edu/techreports/86-020.pdf
• Growing a Language, Guy Steele (video) — https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_ahvzDzKdB0
• CQRS and Event Sourcing (video) — https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JHGkaShoyNs
• Practical Object-Oriented Design in Ruby (libro) — https://www.poodr.com/
• Evolutionary Software Architectures (video) — https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CglSFhwbI3s
• System Design Primer (guía) — https://github.com/donnemartin/system-design-primer
• How JavaScript Works, partes 1-4 (artículos) — https://medium.com/sessionstack-blog/how-does-javascript-actually-work-part-1-b0bacc073cf
• Entity-Component-System Architecture with Unity by Example (video) — https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lNTaC-JWmdI

Diseño de Código

• Programming Principles Wiki (sitio) — http://www.principles-wiki.net/

Filosofía de Ingeniería

• Category Theory in Life (video) — https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ho7oagHeqNc
• Simple Made Easy, Rich Hickey (video) — https://www.infoq.com/presentations/Simple-Made-Easy
• Speed in Software Development (artículo) — https://www.targetprocess.com/articles/speed-in-software-development/
• #NoEstimates (video) — https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QVBlnCTu9Ms
• The Myth of the Genius Programmer (video) — https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0SARbwvhupQ
• Making Badass Developers, Kathy Sierra (video) — https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FKTxC9pl-WM
• The Ten Rules of a Zen Programmer (artículo) — https://www.zenprogrammer.org/en/10-rules-of-a-zen-programmer.html
• The Mythical 10x Programmer, antirez (artículo) — http://antirez.com/news/112
• The Debugging Mindset (artículo) — https://queue.acm.org/detail.cfm?id=3068754
• The Future of Programming, Bret Victor (video) — http://worrydream.com/dbx/
• The Good Software Development Manifesto (artículo) — https://www.infoworld.com/article/3214481/application-development/the-good-software-development-manifesto.html
• All the Little Things, Sandi Metz (video) — https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8bZh5LMaSmE
• Teach Yourself Programming in Ten Years, Peter Norvig (artículo) — https://norvig.com/21-days.html

Prácticas

• Working Effectively with Legacy Code (libro) — https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/44919.Working_Effectively_with_Legacy_Code
• The Art of Readable Code (libro) — https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/8677004-the-art-of-readable-code
• Code Complete (libro) — https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/4845.Code_Complete
• Clean Code (libro) — https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/3735293-clean-code
• Test Driven Development: By Example (libro) — https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/387190.Test_Driven_Development
• Going To Production Checklist (lista de verificación) — https://github.com/mr-mig/going-to-production
• Release It! (libro) — https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/1069827.Release_It_
• Professor Frisby's Mostly Adequate Guide to Functional Programming (libro) — https://mostly-adequate.gitbook.io/mostly-adequate-guide/
• SICP: Structure and Interpretation of Computer Programs (libro) — https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/43713.Structure_and_Interpretation_of_Computer_Programs
• Thirteen Ways of Looking at a Turtle (artículo) — https://fsharpforfunandprofit.com/posts/13-ways-of-looking-at-a-turtle-3/
• Programming Paradigms for Dummies, Peter Van Roy (paper) — https://www.info.ucl.ac.be/~pvr/VanRoyChapter.pdf
• Learn X in Y Minutes (sitio) — https://learnxinyminutes.com/ — conceptos básicos condensados de un lenguaje.
• Hyperpolyglot (sitio) — http://hyperpolyglot.org/ — comparación lado a lado de características de lenguajes similares.
• Pomodoro for Programmers (artículo) — https://medium.com/@mr_mig_by/pomodoro-for-programmers-d6568dd1e6fc
• Site Reliability Engineering, Google (libro, gratis en línea) — https://sre.google/sre-book/table-of-contents/

Carrera

• Levels.fyi (sitio) — https://www.levels.fyi — datos salariales de empresas tecnológicas.
• 10 Things Every Programmer Should Know for Their First Job (artículo) — http://www.applematters.com/article/10-things-every-programmer-should-know-for-their-first-job/
• How Much Do Software Engineers Really Make in Each City? (artículo) — https://www.codementor.io/blog/best-cities-software-engineer-earnings-271vpf599k
• Software Engineering 101 (diapositivas) — https://slides.com/mr-mig/se101
• The Passionate Programmer (libro) — https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/6399113-the-passionate-programmer
• Soft Skills: The Software Developer's Life Manual (libro) — https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/23232941-soft-skills
• The Complete Software Developer's Career Guide (libro) — https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/35674293-the-complete-software-developer-s-career-guide
• Programming Beyond Practices (libro) — https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/29895093-programming-beyond-practices
• Ten Rules for Negotiating a Job Offer (artículo) — https://medium.com/free-code-camp/ten-rules-for-negotiating-a-job-offer-ee17cccbdab6
• How To Interview As a Developer Candidate (artículo) — https://medium.freecodecamp.com/how-to-interview-as-a-developer-candidate-b666734f12dd
• How To Get a Tech Job Abroad Faster (artículo) — https://relocate.me/blog/job-relocation/landing-a-tech-job-abroad-7-simple-tips/
• How To Be a STAR Engineer (paper) — http://vlsicad.ucsd.edu/Research/Advice/star_engineer.pdf