在 Splunk 中分析 Windows 事件日志 是做什么的？
何时使用
在以下情况下使用此技能：
- SOC 分析师调查与 Windows 身份验证、进程执行或 AD 变更相关的告警
- 检测工程师构建基于 Windows 的威胁检测的 SPL 查询
- 事件响应人员需要 Windows 端点或域控制器活动的取证时间线
- 周期性威胁狩猎针对特定 Windows ATT&CK 技术
请勿用于 Linux/macOS 端点分析或仅网络层面的调查。
前提条件
- Splunk 已摄取 Windows 事件日志数据（源类型
WinEventLog:Security、WinEventLog:System、XmlWinEventLog:Microsoft-Windows-Sysmon/Operational） - 端点已部署 Sysmon 并采用 SwiftOnSecurity 或 Olaf Hartong 配置
- 已启用端点和身份验证数据模型的 CIM 数据模型加速
- 了解 Windows 安全事件 ID 及 Sysmon 事件类型
工作流
步骤 1：身份验证攻击检测
暴力破解检测（EventCode 4625 — 登录失败）：
index=wineventlog sourcetype="WinEventLog:Security" EventCode=4625
| stats count, dc(TargetUserName) AS unique_users, values(TargetUserName) AS targeted_users
by src_ip, Logon_Type, Status
| where count > 20
| eval attack_type = case(
Logon_Type=3, "Network Brute Force",
Logon_Type=10, "RDP Brute Force",
Logon_Type=2, "Interactive Brute Force",
1=1, "Other"
)
| eval status_meaning = case(
Status="0xc000006d", "Bad Username or Password",
Status="0xc000006a", "Incorrect Password (valid user)",
Status="0xc0000234", "Account Locked Out",
Status="0xc0000072", "Account Disabled",
1=1, Status
)
| sort - count
| table src_ip, attack_type, status_meaning, count, unique_users, targeted_users
密码喷洒检测：
index=wineventlog sourcetype="WinEventLog:Security" EventCode=4625 Logon_Type=3
| bin _time span=10m
| stats dc(TargetUserName) AS unique_users, count AS total_attempts,
values(TargetUserName) AS users_targeted by src_ip, _time
| where unique_users > 10 AND total_attempts < unique_users * 3
| eval spray_confidence = if(unique_users > 25, "HIGH", "MEDIUM")
失败后成功登录（入侵指标）：
index=wineventlog sourcetype="WinEventLog:Security"
(EventCode=4625 OR EventCode=4624) src_ip!="127.0.0.1"
| sort _time
| stats earliest(_time) AS first_seen, latest(_time) AS last_seen,
sum(eval(if(EventCode=4625,1,0))) AS failures,
sum(eval(if(EventCode=4624,1,0))) AS successes
by src_ip, TargetUserName, ComputerName
| where failures > 10 AND successes > 0
| eval time_to_success = round((last_seen - first_seen)/60, 1)
| sort - failures
步骤 2：权限提升检测
创建新管理员账户（T1136.001）：
index=wineventlog sourcetype="WinEventLog:Security" EventCode=4720
| join TargetUserName type=left [
search index=wineventlog EventCode=4732 TargetUserName="Administrators"
| rename MemberName AS TargetUserName
]
| table _time, SubjectUserName, TargetUserName, ComputerName
| eval alert = "New account created and added to Administrators group"
分配特殊权限（EventCode 4672）：
index=wineventlog sourcetype="WinEventLog:Security" EventCode=4672
SubjectUserName!="SYSTEM" SubjectUserName!="LOCAL SERVICE" SubjectUserName!="NETWORK SERVICE"
| stats count, values(PrivilegeList) AS privileges by SubjectUserName, ComputerName
| where count > 0
| search privileges IN ("SeDebugPrivilege", "SeTcbPrivilege", "SeBackupPrivilege",
"SeRestorePrivilege", "SeAssignPrimaryTokenPrivilege")
令牌操纵检测（T1134）：
index=sysmon EventCode=10 TargetImage="*\\lsass.exe"
GrantedAccess IN ("0x1010", "0x1038", "0x1fffff", "0x40")
| stats count by SourceImage, SourceUser, Computer, GrantedAccess
| where NOT match(SourceImage, "(svchost|csrss|wininit|MsMpEng|CrowdStrike)")
| sort - count
步骤 3：持久化机制检测
计划任务创建（T1053.005）：
index=wineventlog (sourcetype="WinEventLog:Security" EventCode=4698)
OR (sourcetype="XmlWinEventLog:Microsoft-Windows-Sysmon/Operational" EventCode=1
Image="*\\schtasks.exe")
| eval task_info = coalesce(TaskContent, CommandLine)
| search task_info="*powershell*" OR task_info="*cmd*" OR task_info="*http*" OR task_info="*\\Temp\\*"
| table _time, Computer, SubjectUserName, TaskName, task_info
注册表 Run 键修改（T1547.001）：
index=sysmon EventCode=13
TargetObject IN (
"*\\CurrentVersion\\Run\\*",
"*\\CurrentVersion\\RunOnce\\*",
"*\\CurrentVersion\\RunServices\\*",
"*\\Explorer\\Shell Folders\\*"
)
| stats count by Computer, Image, TargetObject, Details
| where NOT match(Image, "(explorer\.exe|msiexec\.exe|setup\.exe)")
| sort - count
WMI 事件订阅（T1546.003）：
index=sysmon EventCode=20 OR EventCode=21
| stats count by Computer, Operation, Consumer, EventNamespace
| where count > 0
步骤 4：横向移动检测
远程服务利用（T1021.002 — SMB/Windows 管理共享）：
index=wineventlog sourcetype="WinEventLog:Security" EventCode=4624 Logon_Type=3
| stats dc(ComputerName) AS unique_destinations, values(ComputerName) AS targets
by src_ip, TargetUserName
| where unique_destinations > 3
| sort - unique_destinations
| table src_ip, TargetUserName, unique_destinations, targets
PsExec 检测（T1021.002）：
index=sysmon EventCode=1
(Image="*\\psexec.exe" OR Image="*\\psexesvc.exe"
OR ParentImage="*\\psexesvc.exe"
OR OriginalFileName="psexec.c")
| table _time, Computer, User, ParentImage, Image, CommandLine
RDP 横向移动（T1021.001）：
index=wineventlog sourcetype="WinEventLog:Security" EventCode=4624 Logon_Type=10
| stats count, dc(ComputerName) AS rdp_targets, values(ComputerName) AS destinations
by src_ip, TargetUserName
| where rdp_targets > 2
| sort - rdp_targets
步骤 5：构建取证时间线
为受感染主机创建全面时间线：
(index=wineventlog OR index=sysmon) Computer="WORKSTATION-042"
earliest="2024-03-14T00:00:00" latest="2024-03-16T00:00:00"
| eval event_description = case(
EventCode=4624, "Logon: ".TargetUserName." (Type ".Logon_Type.")",
EventCode=4625, "Failed Logon: ".TargetUserName,
EventCode=4688 OR (sourcetype="XmlWinEventLog:*Sysmon*" AND EventCode=1),
"Process: ".Image." CMD: ".CommandLine,
EventCode=4698, "Scheduled Task: ".TaskName,
EventCode=3, "Network: ".DestinationIp.":".DestinationPort,
EventCode=11, "File Created: ".TargetFilename,
EventCode=13, "Registry: ".TargetObject,
1=1, "Event ".EventCode
)
| sort _time
| table _time, EventCode, event_description, User, src_ip
步骤 6：创建查询表用于丰富上下文
构建 Windows 事件 ID 上下文的参考查询表：
| inputlookup windows_eventcode_lookup.csv
| table EventCode, Description, ATT_CK_Technique, Severity
如果查询表不存在，请创建：
EventCode,Description,ATT_CK_Technique,Severity
4624,Successful Logon,T1078,Informational
4625,Failed Logon,T1110,Low
4648,Explicit Credential Logon,T1078,Medium
4672,Special Privileges Assigned,T1134,Medium
4688,New Process Created,T1059,Informational
4698,Scheduled Task Created,T1053.005,Medium
4720,User Account Created,T1136.001,High
4732,Member Added to Security Group,T1098,High
4768,Kerberos TGT Requested,T1558,Informational
4769,Kerberos Service Ticket,T1558.003,Low
4771,Kerberos Pre-Auth Failed,T1110,Low
关键概念
| 术语 | 定义 |
|---|---|
| EventCode 4624 | 成功登录事件 — Logon_Type 2（交互式）、3（网络）、10（RDP）、7（解锁） |
| EventCode 4625 | 失败登录事件 — 状态代码指示失败原因（密码错误、账户锁定、禁用） |
| Sysmon EventCode 1 | 进程创建，包含完整的命令行、父进程和哈希信息 |
| Sysmon EventCode 3 | 由进程发起的网络连接 — 源/目标 IP、端口和进程上下文 |
| Logon Type 3 | 网络登录（SMB、WMI、PowerShell Remoting）— 横向移动的关键指标 |
| Logon Type 10 | 通过 RDP/终端服务的远程交互式登录 |
工具及系统
- Splunk Enterprise：SIEM 平台，提供用于 Windows 事件日志分析和关联的 SPL 查询引擎
- Sysmon（系统监视器）：Microsoft Sysinternals 工具，提供详细的进程、网络和文件活动日志
- Splunk CIM：通用信息模型，将 Windows 事件映射到标准化字段，支持跨源查询
- Windows 事件转发 (WEF)：Windows 内置机制，用于将事件日志集中到收集服务器
常见场景
- Kerberoasting（T1558.003）：检测 EventCode 4769，加密类型为 0x17（RC4）的非标准服务账户
- DCSync（T1003.006）：检测 EventCode 4662，来自非域控制器源的 DS-Replication-Get-Changes 操作
- 黄金票据（T1558.001）：检测 EventCode 4769，异常票证属性（长生命周期、非标准加密）
- 哈希传递（T1550.002）：检测 EventCode 4624 Logon_Type 3，从意外来源使用 NTLM 身份验证
- DLL 侧加载（T1574.002）：Sysmon EventCode 7 显示由合法进程加载的未签名 DLL
输出格式
WINDOWS EVENT LOG ANALYSIS — HOST: WORKSTATION-042
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
Period: 2024-03-14 to 2024-03-15
Events: 12,847 total (Security: 9,231 | Sysmon: 3,616)
Authentication Summary:
Successful Logons (4624): 487 (Type 3: 312, Type 10: 45, Type 2: 130)
Failed Logons (4625): 847 (from 192.168.1.105 — BRUTE FORCE)
Explicit Creds (4648): 12
Suspicious Findings:
[HIGH] 847 failed logons followed by success at 14:35 from 192.168.1.105
[HIGH] New user "backdoor_admin" created (4720) at 14:38
[HIGH] User added to Administrators group (4732) at 14:38
[MEDIUM] schtasks.exe creating persistence task at 14:42
[MEDIUM] PowerShell encoded command execution at 14:45
ATT&CK Mapping:
T1110.001 — Password Guessing (847 failed logons)
T1136.001 — Local Account Creation (backdoor_admin)
T1053.005 — Scheduled Task (persistence)
T1059.001 — PowerShell (encoded execution)