playwright-blazor-testing

Playwright를 사용한 Blazor 애플리케이션 테스트

이 스킬을 사용해야 하는 경우

다음과 같은 경우에 이 스킬을 사용하세요:

• Blazor Server 또는 WebAssembly 애플리케이션에 대한 엔드 투 엔드 UI 테스트를 작성할 때
• 대화형 컴포넌트, 폼 및 사용자 워크플로를 테스트할 때
• 인증 및 권한 부여 흐름을 확인할 때
• Blazor Server에서 SignalR 기반 실시간 업데이트를 테스트할 때
• 시각적 회귀 테스트를 위한 스크린샷을 캡처할 때
• 반응형 디자인 및 모바일 에뮬레이션을 테스트할 때
• 브라우저 개발자 도구로 UI 문제를 디버깅할 때

핵심 원칙

1. 렌더링 대기 - Blazor는 비동기적으로 렌더링됩니다. 적절한 대기 전략을 사용하세요.
2. 테스트 속성 - 안정적인 선택자를 위해 data-test 또는 data-testid 속성을 사용하세요.
3. 기본 헤드리스 - CI에서는 헤드리스로 실행하고, 로컬 디버깅에서는 헤드를 사용하세요.
4. 오류 UI 처리 - #blazor-error-ui를 항상 확인하여 처리되지 않은 예외를 잡으세요.
5. 네트워크 대기 상태 피하기 - Blazor 탐색은 네트워크 로드를 트리거하지 않습니다. DOM 변경을 기다리세요.
6. 브라우저 채널 고정 - 재현성을 위해 특정 브라우저 채널(msedge, chrome)을 사용하세요.

필요한 NuGet 패키지

<ItemGroup>
  <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.Playwright" Version="*" />
  <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.Playwright.MSTest" Version="*" />
  <!-- OR for xUnit -->
  <PackageReference Include="xunit" Version="*" />
  <PackageReference Include="xunit.runner.visualstudio" Version="*" />
</ItemGroup>

설치

테스트를 실행하기 전에 Playwright 브라우저를 설치하세요:

pwsh -Command "playwright install --with-deps"

패턴 1: 기본 Playwright 설정

using Microsoft.Playwright;

public class PlaywrightFixture : IAsyncLifetime
{
    private IPlaywright? _playwright;
    private IBrowser? _browser;

    public IBrowser Browser => _browser
        ?? throw new InvalidOperationException("Browser not initialized");

    public async Task InitializeAsync()
    {
        _playwright = await Playwright.CreateAsync();

        _browser = await _playwright.Chromium.LaunchAsync(new()
        {
            Headless = true,
            // For CI/debugging, you might want:
            // Headless = Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("CI") != null,
            // SlowMo = 100 // Slow down actions for debugging
        });
    }

    public async Task DisposeAsync()
    {
        if (_browser is not null)
            await _browser.DisposeAsync();

        _playwright?.Dispose();
    }
}

패턴 2: Blazor 앱에서의 탐색

초기 페이지 로드 (클래식 탐색)

[Fact]
public async Task InitialPageLoad()
{
    var page = await _fixture.Browser.NewPageAsync();

    // First load is classic HTTP navigation
    await page.GotoAsync("https://localhost:5001");

    // Wait for Blazor to initialize
    await page.WaitForSelectorAsync("h1:has-text('Welcome')");

    Assert.True(await page.IsVisibleAsync("h1:has-text('Welcome')"));
}

앱 내 탐색 (페이지 새로고침 없음)

Blazor는 클라이언트 측 라우팅을 사용하므로, 이후 탐색은 페이지를 새로고침하지 않습니다:

[Fact]
public async Task InternalNavigation()
{
    var page = await _fixture.Browser.NewPageAsync();
    await page.GotoAsync("https://localhost:5001");

    // Method 1: Click a navigation link
    await page.GetByRole(AriaRole.Link, new() { Name = "Counter" })
        .ClickAsync();

    // Wait for the new page content (NOT network idle!)
    await page.WaitForSelectorAsync("h1:has-text('Counter')");

    // Method 2: Programmatic navigation (Blazor 8+)
    await page.EvaluateAsync("window.Blazor.navigateTo('/fetchdata')");
    await page.WaitForSelectorAsync("h1:has-text('Weather')");

    // Method 3: Direct URL navigation (causes full reload)
    await page.GotoAsync("https://localhost:5001/counter");
    await page.WaitForSelectorAsync("h1:has-text('Counter')");
}

Blazor를 위한 대기 전략

// ❌ DON'T: Wait for network idle (Blazor doesn't reload pages)
await page.WaitForLoadStateAsync(LoadState.NetworkIdle);

// ✅ DO: Wait for specific DOM elements
await page.WaitForSelectorAsync("h1:has-text('My Page')");

// ✅ DO: Wait for element visibility
await page.Locator("[data-test='content']").WaitForAsync();

// ✅ DO: Wait for URL change
await page.WaitForURLAsync("**/counter");

패턴 3: 테스트 속성을 사용한 안정적인 선택자

Blazor 컴포넌트에서

<!-- Add data-test attributes for stable selectors -->
<button data-test="submit-button" @onclick="HandleSubmit">
    Submit
</button>

<input data-test="username-input" @bind="Username" />

<div data-test="result-container">
    @Result
</div>

테스트에서

[Fact]
public async Task FormSubmission()
{
    var page = await _fixture.Browser.NewPageAsync();
    await page.GotoAsync(baseUrl);

    // Use GetByTestId for elements with data-test attributes
    await page.GetByTestId("username-input").FillAsync("testuser");
    await page.GetByTestId("password-input").FillAsync("password123");
    await page.GetByTestId("submit-button").ClickAsync();

    // Verify result
    var result = await page.GetByTestId("result-container").TextContentAsync();
    Assert.Contains("Success", result);
}

패턴 4: 인증 처리

대화형 로그인

[Fact]
public async Task LoginFlow()
{
    var page = await _fixture.Browser.NewPageAsync();
    await page.GotoAsync($"{baseUrl}/login");

    // Fill login form
    await page.FillAsync("input[name='username']", "alice");
    await page.FillAsync("input[name='password']", "P@ssw0rd");
    await page.ClickAsync("button[type='submit']");

    // Wait for redirect to dashboard
    await page.WaitForURLAsync("**/dashboard");

    // Verify logged in
    var username = await page.TextContentAsync("[data-test='user-name']");
    Assert.Equal("alice", username);
}

쿠키 주입 (더 빠름)

[Fact]
public async Task AuthenticatedAccess_ViaCookie()
{
    var page = await _fixture.Browser.NewPageAsync();

    // Inject authentication cookie
    await page.Context.AddCookiesAsync(new[]
    {
        new Cookie
        {
            Name = ".AspNetCore.Cookies",
            Value = GenerateAuthCookie("alice"),
            Url = baseUrl,
            Secure = true,
            HttpOnly = true
        }
    });

    // Navigate directly to protected page
    await page.GotoAsync($"{baseUrl}/dashboard");

    // Already authenticated!
    var username = await page.TextContentAsync("[data-test='user-name']");
    Assert.Equal("alice", username);
}

private string GenerateAuthCookie(string username)
{
    // Generate a valid authentication cookie
    // This requires access to your app's cookie encryption keys
    // OR use a test endpoint that generates valid cookies
    // OR perform actual login once and reuse the cookie
}

OAuth/외부 공급자 모킹

// Use route interception to mock OAuth redirects
await page.RouteAsync("**/signin-microsoft", async route =>
{
    // Intercept OAuth redirect and return mock response
    await route.FulfillAsync(new()
    {
        Status = 302,
        Headers = new Dictionary<string, string>
        {
            ["Location"] = $"{baseUrl}/signin-callback?code=mock_auth_code"
        }
    });
});

패턴 5: 클릭 이벤트 및 터치 상호작용

[Fact]
public async Task ClickInteractions()
{
    var page = await _fixture.Browser.NewPageAsync();
    await page.GotoAsync(baseUrl);

    // Standard click
    await page.GetByText("Click Me").ClickAsync();

    // Right-click
    await page.ClickAsync("[data-test='context-menu']", new()
    {
        Button = MouseButton.Right
    });

    // Double-click
    await page.DblClickAsync("[data-test='item']");

    // Hover then click dropdown
    var menu = page.Locator("#profile-menu");
    await menu.HoverAsync();
    await menu.GetByText("Sign out").ClickAsync();

    // Touch events (mobile emulation)
    await page.EmulateMediaAsync(new() { Media = Media.Screen });
    await page.Touchscreen.TapAsync(150, 300);
}

패턴 6: 폼 처리

[Fact]
public async Task ComplexForm()
{
    var page = await _fixture.Browser.NewPageAsync();
    await page.GotoAsync($"{baseUrl}/form");

    // Text input
    await page.FillAsync("[data-test='name']", "John Doe");

    // Select dropdown
    await page.SelectOptionAsync("[data-test='country']", "US");

    // Checkbox
    await page.CheckAsync("[data-test='terms']");

    // Radio button
    await page.CheckAsync("[data-test='option-a']");

    // File upload
    await page.SetInputFilesAsync("[data-test='file-input']",
        "/path/to/test-file.pdf");

    // Submit
    await page.ClickAsync("[data-test='submit']");

    // Wait for success message
    await page.WaitForSelectorAsync("[data-test='success-message']");
}

패턴 7: Blazor 오류 UI 처리

Blazor는 처리되지 않은 예외가 발생하면 오류 오버레이를 표시합니다. 항상 이것을 확인하세요:

public static async Task AssertNoBlazorErrors(this IPage page)
{
    var errorUi = page.Locator("#blazor-error-ui");

    if (await errorUi.IsVisibleAsync())
    {
        var errorText = await errorUi.InnerTextAsync();
        Assert.Fail($"Blazor error occurred: {errorText}");
    }
}

[Fact]
public async Task Page_ShouldNotHaveErrors()
{
    var page = await _fixture.Browser.NewPageAsync();
    await page.GotoAsync(baseUrl);

    // Perform some actions
    await page.ClickAsync("[data-test='action-button']");

    // Verify no errors occurred
    await page.AssertNoBlazorErrors();
}

패턴 8: 실시간 업데이트 테스트 (SignalR)

Blazor Server는 실시간 통신을 위해 SignalR을 사용합니다:

[Fact]
public async Task RealTimeUpdates()
{
    // Open two browser contexts (simulating two users)
    var page1 = await _fixture.Browser.NewPageAsync();
    var page2 = await _fixture.Browser.NewPageAsync();

    await page1.GotoAsync($"{baseUrl}/drawing");
    await page2.GotoAsync($"{baseUrl}/drawing");

    // User 1 draws something
    await page1.ClickAsync("[data-test='draw-button']");
    await page1.Mouse.ClickAsync(100, 100);

    // User 2 should see the update
    await page2.WaitForSelectorAsync("[data-test='drawing-canvas']");

    // Verify both pages show the same content
    var canvas1 = await page1.GetByTestId("drawing-canvas")
        .GetAttributeAsync("data-strokes");
    var canvas2 = await page2.GetByTestId("drawing-canvas")
        .GetAttributeAsync("data-strokes");

    Assert.Equal(canvas1, canvas2);
}

패턴 9: 스크린샷 및 시각적 테스트

[Fact]
public async Task CaptureScreenshots()
{
    var page = await _fixture.Browser.NewPageAsync();
    await page.GotoAsync(baseUrl);

    // Full page screenshot
    await page.ScreenshotAsync(new()
    {
        Path = "screenshots/homepage.png",
        FullPage = true
    });

    // Element screenshot
    var header = page.Locator("header");
    await header.ScreenshotAsync(new()
    {
        Path = "screenshots/header.png"
    });

    // Screenshot with viewport size
    await page.SetViewportSizeAsync(1920, 1080);
    await page.ScreenshotAsync(new()
    {
        Path = "screenshots/desktop.png"
    });

    // Mobile viewport
    await page.SetViewportSizeAsync(375, 667);
    await page.ScreenshotAsync(new()
    {
        Path = "screenshots/mobile.png"
    });
}

패턴 10: 개발 인증서로 HTTPS에 대해 실행

public async Task InitializeAsync()
{
    _playwright = await Playwright.CreateAsync();

    _browser = await _playwright.Chromium.LaunchAsync(new()
    {
        Headless = true,
        // Ignore certificate errors for local dev certs
        Args = new[] { "--ignore-certificate-errors" }
    });
}

보다 엄격한 설정을 위해 개발 인증서를 내보내고 신뢰하세요:

dotnet dev-certs https --export-path cert.pfx -p YourPassword

Blazor 컴포넌트를 위한 일반적인 선택자

// By role (best for accessibility)
await page.GetByRole(AriaRole.Button, new() { Name = "Submit" });
await page.GetByRole(AriaRole.Link, new() { Name = "Home" });
await page.GetByRole(AriaRole.Heading, new() { Name = "Welcome" });

// By test ID
await page.GetByTestId("user-profile");

// By text content
await page.GetByText("Hello, World!");

// By label (for inputs)
await page.GetByLabel("Email Address");

// By placeholder
await page.GetByPlaceholder("Enter your name");

// CSS selectors (use sparingly)
await page.Locator(".mud-button-primary");
await page.Locator("#login-form");

// XPath (use as last resort)
await page.Locator("xpath=//button[contains(text(), 'Submit')]");

병렬 처리 고려 사항

Blazor Server는 SignalR 웹소켓을 사용합니다. 여러 Playwright 테스트가 연결을 포화시킬 수 있습니다:

// Limit parallel execution for Blazor Server tests
[Collection("Blazor Server")]
public class BlazorServerTests { }

// In AssemblyInfo.cs or test startup
[assembly: CollectionBehavior(MaxParallelThreads = 2)]

Blazor WebAssembly에는 이러한 제한이 없으며 완전히 병렬로 실행될 수 있습니다.

CI/CD 통합

GitHub Actions

name: Playwright Tests

on:
  push:
    branches: [ main ]
  pull_request:
    branches: [ main ]

jobs:
  test:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest

    steps:
    - uses: actions/checkout@v3

    - name: Setup .NET
      uses: actions/setup-dotnet@v3
      with:
        dotnet-version: 9.0.x

    - name: Install Playwright Browsers
      run: pwsh -Command "playwright install --with-deps"

    - name: Build
      run: dotnet build -c Release

    - name: Run Playwright Tests
      run: |
        dotnet test tests/YourApp.UITests \
          --no-build \
          -c Release \
          --logger trx

    - name: Upload Screenshots
      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
      if: failure()
      with:
        name: playwright-screenshots
        path: "**/screenshots/"

    - name: Upload Test Results
      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3