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Airflow DAG Orchestrator

设计并运营Apache Airflow DAG,实现可靠的数据管道编排,包含依赖管理、SLA监控和运维最佳实践。

Airflow DAG Orchestrator 是什么?

Airflow DAG Orchestrator 是一项专门用于 Apache Airflow 的 AI 技能,旨在帮助开发者设计、部署和维护高可靠性的数据管道。它全面支持 Airflow 2.10+ 版本以及 MWAA、Cloud Composer 等托管服务。该技能覆盖核心能力,包括使用 TaskFlow API 定义 DAG、设置调度与重试策略、配置 SLA 监控、实现动态任务映射(Fan-Out/Fan-In),以及集成 dbt 模型。同时,它明确列出了常见反模式(如 Fat Tasks、XCom 传递大数据、未配置重试等),并提供了一份完整的质量检查清单。该技能激活于 Airflow、DAG、operator、sensor、scheduler 等关键词,但不适用于 dbt 转换或流式处理管道。

兼容平台~Claude Code~Codex CLI~Cursor
npx skills add https://github.com/curiositech/windags-skills/tree/HEAD/skills/airflow-dag-orchestrator

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文档

Airflow DAG Orchestrator 是做什么的?

设计并运营 Apache Airflow DAG,实现可靠的数据管道编排,包含依赖管理、SLA 和监控。

激活触发词

激活于: "Airflow", "DAG", "operator", "sensor", "scheduler", "task dependency", "SLA", "backfill", "XCom", "TaskFlow API", "MWAA", "Cloud Composer"

不用于: dbt 模型执行 → dbt-analytics-engineer(尽管 Airflow 可以触发 dbt)| 流处理 → streaming-pipeline-architect | 工作流引擎(Temporal)→ distributed-transaction-manager

快速开始

  1. 定义 DAG — 使用 TaskFlow API(@dag, @task 装饰器)编写 Python 原生 DAG
  2. 设置调度 — cron 表达式或时间表,除非有意回填,否则设置 catchup=False
  3. 配置重试 — 每个任务设置 retries=2, retry_delay=timedelta(minutes=5)
  4. 添加 SLA — 在关键路径任务上设置 sla=timedelta(hours=2)
  5. 本地测试 — 部署前运行 airflow dags test my_dag 2026-01-01

核心能力

领域技术
AirflowApache Airflow 2.10+, MWAA, Cloud Composer 3
操作符BashOperator, PythonOperator, KubernetesPodOperator
提供者apache-airflow-providers-{snowflake, google, aws, dbt-cloud}
执行器CeleryExecutor, KubernetesExecutor, LocalExecutor
监控SLA 未命中, 任务耗时, Airflow 指标 → Prometheus

架构模式

TaskFlow API DAG

from airflow.decorators import dag, task
from datetime import datetime, timedelta

@dag(
    schedule="0 6 * * *",          # 每天 UTC 时间 6:00
    start_date=datetime(2026, 1, 1),
    catchup=False,
    default_args={
        "retries": 2,
        "retry_delay": timedelta(minutes=5),
        "sla": timedelta(hours=2),
    },
    tags=["finance", "daily"],
)
def daily_revenue_pipeline():

    @task()
    def extract_payments() -> dict:
        """从 Stripe API 提取数据"""
        data = stripe_client.list_payments(date=today())
        return {"count": len(data), "path": "s3://raw/payments/"}

    @task()
    def extract_orders() -> dict:
        """从 Shopify API 提取数据"""
        data = shopify_client.list_orders(date=today())
        return {"count": len(data), "path": "s3://raw/orders/"}

    @task()
    def transform(payments: dict, orders: dict) -> str:
        """在 DuckDB 中连接并转换"""
        result_path = run_duckdb_transform(payments["path"], orders["path"])
        return result_path

    @task()
    def load(path: str):
        """加载到 Snowflake"""
        snowflake_copy_into("fct_revenue", path)

    # 通过函数调用定义依赖关系
    payments = extract_payments()
    orders = extract_orders()
    transformed = transform(payments, orders)
    load(transformed)

daily_revenue_pipeline()

动态任务映射(扇出/扇入)

@task()
def get_partitions() -> list[str]:
    return ["2026-01-01", "2026-01-02", "2026-01-03"]

@task()
def process_partition(partition_date: str) -> dict:
    """每个分区并行执行"""
    return {"date": partition_date, "rows": process(partition_date)}

@task()
def aggregate(results: list[dict]):
    """扇入:接收所有分区结果"""
    total = sum(r["rows"] for r in results)
    log.info(f"Processed {total} total rows")

# 动态地将 process_partition 映射到所有分区
partitions = get_partitions()
results = process_partition.expand(partition_date=partitions)
aggregate(results)

dbt + Airflow 集成

from airflow.operators.bash import BashOperator
from cosmos import DbtDag, ProjectConfig, ProfileConfig

# 选项 1:cosmos(推荐)
dbt_dag = DbtDag(
    project_config=ProjectConfig("/opt/airflow/dbt/"),
    profile_config=ProfileConfig(
        profile_name="default",
        target_name="prod",
    ),
    schedule="@daily",
    dag_id="dbt_daily",
)

# 选项 2:BashOperator(简单)
dbt_run = BashOperator(
    task_id="dbt_run",
    bash_command="cd /opt/airflow/dbt && dbt build --select tag:daily",
)

反模式

  1. 胖任务 — 任务应当是原子单元;不要将提取+转换+加载放在一个任务中
  2. XCom 用于大数据 — XCom 用于元数据(路径、计数);通过 S3/GCS 传递数据,而不是 XCom pickles
  3. 意外使用 catchup=True — 除非需要回填,否则设置 catchup=False;否则 Airflow 会运行每个错过的间隔
  4. 无重试 — 临时故障很常见;始终设置 retries >= 1 并带有延迟
  5. DAG 文件中的顶级代码 — DAG 文件每 30 秒解析一次;模块级的大量导入或 API 调用会拖慢调度器

质量检查清单

  • 使用 TaskFlow API 编写 Python 原生 DAG(而不是传统操作符链)
  • 除非有意回填,否则设置 catchup=False
  • 所有任务都配置了重试(至少 1 次重试)
  • 在关键路径任务上设置了 SLA
  • XCom 传递引用(S3 路径),而不是数据负载
  • 使用动态任务映射实现扇出并行
  • 部署前使用 airflow dags test 在本地测试 DAG
  • 任务幂等性:重新运行任务产生相同结果
  • 配置了任务失败和 SLA 未命中的告警
  • 为 Airflow UI 中的过滤应用了 DAG 标签

Individual skills in this repo

This repo contains 20 individual skills — each has its own dedicated page.

curiositech/windags-skills

Expert in 2000s-era music visualization (Milkdrop, AVS, Geiss) and modern WebGL implementations. Specializes in Butterchurn integration, Web Audio API AnalyserNode FFT data, GLSL shaders for audio-reactive visuals, and psychedelic generative art. Activate on "Milkdrop", "music visualization", "WebGL visualizer", "Butterchurn", "audio reactive", "FFT visualization", "spectrum analyzer". NOT for simple bar charts/waveforms (use basic canvas), video editing, or non-audio visuals.

curiositech/windags-skills

Expert legal research agent for finding and scraping expungement data state by state. Knows authoritative sources, URL patterns, Firecrawl configuration, and 2026 legal landscape.

curiositech/windags-skills

Expert in 3D computer vision labeling tools, workflows, and AI-assisted annotation for LiDAR, point clouds, and sensor fusion. Covers SAM4D/Point-SAM, human-in-the-loop architectures, and vertical-specific training strategies. Activate on '3D labeling', 'point cloud annotation', 'LiDAR labeling', 'SAM 3D', 'SAM4D', 'sensor fusion annotation', '3D bounding box', 'semantic segmentation point cloud'. NOT for 2D image labeling (use clip-aware-embeddings), general ML training (use ml-engineer), video annotation without 3D (use computer-vision-pipeline), or VLM prompt engineering (use prompt-engineer).

curiositech/windags-skills

Implement WCAG 2.2 AA/AAA compliance with automated testing, keyboard navigation, screen reader support, and focus management. Activate on: accessibility audit, WCAG compliance, keyboard navigation, screen reader, aria attributes, axe-core, focus trap. NOT for: design-level accessibility review (use design-accessibility-auditor), color contrast only (use css-in-js-architect).

curiositech/windags-skills

Time-blind friendly planning, executive function support, and daily structure for ADHD brains. Specializes in realistic time estimation, dopamine-aware task design, and building systems that actually work for neurodivergent minds.

curiositech/windags-skills

Designs digital experiences for ADHD brains using neuroscience research and UX principles. Expert in reducing cognitive load, time blindness solutions, dopamine-driven engagement, and compassionate design patterns. Activate on 'ADHD design', 'cognitive load', 'accessibility', 'neurodivergent UX', 'time blindness', 'dopamine-driven', 'executive function'. NOT for general accessibility (WCAG only), neurotypical UX design, or simple UI styling without ADHD context.

curiositech/windags-skills

>- Apply crisis decision-making research to agent routing, uncertainty triage, and coordination failure analysis in time-pressured systems. Use when diagnosing handoff failures, analytical paralysis, or expert judgment under incomplete information. NOT for routine coding, simple CRUD design, or static single-agent tasks with complete information.

curiositech/windags-skills

Extend and modify the admin dashboard, developer portal, and operations console. Use when adding new admin tabs, metrics, monitoring features, or internal tools. Activates for dashboard development, analytics, user management, and internal tooling.

curiositech/windags-skills

Conversation patterns and interaction protocols for multi-agent systems. Covers request/response, pub/sub, blackboard, delegation chains, debate, critique, consensus, fan-out/fan-in, supervisor-worker, and peer negotiation. Deep analysis of AutoGen conversation patterns, CrewAI delegation, LangGraph state passing, and FIPA-ACL performatives. Teaches how to design what agents say to each other and in what order. Activate on: "agent conversation", "agent protocol", "multi-agent debate", "agent delegation", "supervisor worker pattern", "agent voting", "consensus protocol", "fan-out fan-in", "agent negotiation", "blackboard pattern", "agent dialogue", "conversation topology", "agent handoff". NOT for: wire format or serialization (use agent-interchange-formats), orchestration infrastructure (use agentic-infrastructure-2026), single agent behavior (use agentic-patterns).

curiositech/windags-skills

Meta-agent for creating new custom agents, skills, and MCP integrations. Expert in agent design, MCP development, skill architecture, and rapid prototyping. Activate on 'create agent', 'new skill', 'MCP server', 'custom tool', 'agent design'. NOT for using existing agents (invoke them directly), general coding (use language-specific skills), or infrastructure setup (use deployment-engineer).

curiositech/windags-skills

AI-powered calendar management and agent-based scheduling coordination. Covers calendar APIs (Google Calendar, CalDAV/iCal), AI scheduling assistants (Reclaim, Clockwise, Motion, Cal.com), building custom calendar agents with MCP, multi-calendar merging, timezone management, focus block protection, meeting fatigue detection, and agent-to-agent meeting negotiation protocols. Activate on: "calendar agent", "AI scheduling", "calendar coordination", "meeting scheduling", "calendar API", "focus time protection", "calendar optimization", "Google Calendar MCP", "Reclaim", "Clockwise", "Motion", "Cal.com", "smart scheduling", "calendar-aware agent", "timezone scheduling", "agent negotiation meetings". NOT for: manual calendar UI component design (use form-validation-architect), project management scheduling or Gantt charts (use project-management-guru-adhd), general time-tracking or pomodoro apps (use adhd-daily-planner for time-awareness), building the agent itself from scratch (use agent-creator).

curiositech/windags-skills

Build and adopt production AI agent infrastructure in 2026. Covers framework selection (LangGraph, CrewAI, AutoGen, MCP), orchestration patterns, evaluation, observability, memory systems, and tool use. Also covers the SOCIAL dimension: how to sell agent infrastructure internally, change management, measuring ROI, building trust in autonomous systems, and scaling adoption across teams. Activate on: "agent infrastructure", "agent framework comparison", "which agent framework", "sell AI tools internally", "agent adoption", "agent observability", "agent evaluation", "MCP architecture", "agentic mesh", "enterprise AI agents", "AI change management", "agent ROI". NOT for: building specific agents (use ai-engineer), designing agent behavior patterns (use agentic-patterns), prompt tuning (use prompt-engineer).

curiositech/windags-skills

Fundamental patterns for effective agentic behavior. Teaches decomposition, tool orchestration, error recovery, context management, quality self-assessment, and knowing when to stop. Model-agnostic principles that make any agent more effective regardless of domain. Activate on: "how should I structure this agent", "agentic workflow", "agent patterns", "multi-step task", "tool orchestration", "/agentic-patterns", "decompose this", "agent best practices", "chain of actions", "when should the agent stop", "agent loop design". NOT for: creating agent infrastructure (use agent-creator), building DAGs (use windags-architect), specific tool implementation.

curiositech/windags-skills

Automated discovery and matching of agent skills for dynamic task routing and capability assessment

curiositech/windags-skills

Cryptographic security for agentic systems — zero-trust agent networking, signed message envelopes (JWS/JWE), capability-based security (ocaps), Merkle tree audit trails, WASM sandboxing, and formal verification. Covers CLI dev tool security, mTLS between agents, permission boundaries (least privilege for AI agents), and supply chain security for skills/plugins. Activate on: "agent security", "zero trust agents", "secure agent communication", "capability-based security", "ocap", "signed messages between agents", "agent audit trail", "sandbox agent execution", "agent permissions", "mTLS agents", "cryptographic verification", "agent supply chain", "OWASP agentic", "prove agent did X", "tamper-proof agent logs". NOT for: application-level SAST scanning (use security-auditor), network firewall rules (use infrastructure), SOC2/HIPAA compliance (organizational), or prompt injection defense (use prompt-engineer).

curiositech/windags-skills

Data structures and serialization formats for agent-to-agent communication. Covers message envelopes, structured output schemas, capability declarations, task handoff payloads, error/retry signaling, and context windows as data structures. Deep comparison of A2A protocol, MCP, OpenAI function calling, and LangChain message types. Teaches when to use rigid schemas vs free-form with validation, typed vs untyped, streaming vs batch. Activate on: "agent message format", "agent communication schema", "agent-to-agent protocol", "A2A protocol", "MCP message format", "structured output for agents", "agent interop", "interchange format", "agent serialization", "task handoff format", "capability declaration". NOT for: what agents say to each other (use agent-conversation-protocols), orchestration topology (use multi-agent-coordination), building agent infrastructure (use agentic-infrastructure-2026).

curiositech/windags-skills

Logic-based agent programming language implementing BDI architecture for practical autonomous agent development

curiositech/windags-skills

>- Design AgentSpeak(L)-style BDI agents with context-guarded plans, selection functions, and intention stacks. Use for interruptible autonomy, agent policy, and multi-agent orchestration in dynamic environments. NOT for simple rule engines, static planners, or centralized workflows.

curiositech/windags-skills

Foundational concurrent computation model where actors communicate exclusively through asynchronous message passing

curiositech/windags-skills

license: Apache-2.0 NOT for unrelated tasks outside this domain.

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