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使用URLScan分析恶意URL

URLScan.io 是一个免费服务,用于扫描和分析可疑的URL。

使用URLScan分析恶意URL 是什么?

该技能详细介绍了如何利用 URLScan.io 平台对可疑 URL 进行安全分析,包括恶意 URL、钓鱼页面和重定向链的静态与动态分析。它支持通过 Web 界面和 API 两种方式提交扫描,并提供了从结果中提取截图、DOM 内容、HTTP 事务日志、JavaScript 行为以及网络连接等关键信息的步骤。该技能适用于安全运营中心(SOC)分析师和威胁情报研究人员,帮助他们在不暴露自身系统风险的前提下,对潜在威胁进行自动化或手动验证。同时,它指导用户将分析中提取的指标(IOC)与 VirusTotal、PhishTank 和 Google Safe Browsing 等外部威胁情报源进行交叉比对,以提升检测准确性和事件响应效率。

兼容平台~Claude Code~Codex CLI~Cursor
npx skills add https://github.com/mukul975/Anthropic-Cybersecurity-Skills/tree/main/skills/analyzing-malicious-url-with-urlscan

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文档

使用URLScan分析恶意URL 是做什么的?

概述

URLScan.io 是一个免费服务,用于扫描和分析可疑的URL。它能在隔离的环境中捕获网页的截图、DOM内容、HTTP事务、JavaScript行为以及网络连接。本技能涵盖使用URLScan的Web界面和API来调查钓鱼URL、凭证窃取页面以及恶意重定向,同时避免分析人员的系统暴露在风险中。

何时使用

  • 调查需要分析恶意URL的安全事件时
  • 为此领域构建检测规则或威胁狩猎查询时
  • SOC分析师需要针对此类分析的结构化流程时
  • 验证相关攻击技术的安全监控覆盖率时

前提条件

  • URLScan.io账户(免费版可用,API密钥用于自动化)
  • Python 3.8+ 并安装 requests 库
  • 了解HTTP协议和Web技术
  • 熟悉钓鱼URL模式

关键概念

URLScan 功能

  1. 安全浏览:在隔离的Chromium实例中渲染URL
  2. 截图捕获:渲染页面的视觉快照
  3. DOM分析:JavaScript执行后的完整HTML内容
  4. 网络日志:页面发出的所有HTTP请求(HAR格式)
  5. 证书分析:SSL/TLS证书详情
  6. 技术检测:识别Web框架和库
  7. IP/ASN映射:基础设施情报
  8. 判定:社区和自动分类

钓鱼URL的危险信号

  • 新注册域名(少于30天)
  • 免费托管服务(Wix、GitHub Pages、Firebase)
  • 隐藏最终目的地的URL缩短器
  • 过度的子域名层级(login.microsoft.com.evil.com)
  • 品牌名出现在子域名或路径中,而非域名本身
  • 非标准端口
  • data URI或Base64编码内容
  • JavaScript密集型页面,HTML内容极少

工作流程

步骤1:向URLScan提交URL

Web:导航至 https://urlscan.io 并提交可疑URL
API:POST https://urlscan.io/api/v1/scan/
     标头:API-Key: your-api-key
     请求体:{"url": "https://suspicious-url.com", "visibility": "private"}

步骤2:分析结果

  • 审查截图,检查是否存在品牌冒用
  • 检查重定向和最终目标URL
  • 检查DOM中是否存在凭证输入表单
  • 审查网络请求,查找数据外泄端点
  • 检查SSL证书的有效性和颁发者

步骤3:提取IOC

  • 被联系的域名和IP
  • 重定向链中的URL
  • 页面资源的SHA-256哈希值
  • JavaScript文件的哈希值

步骤4:交叉引用威胁情报

使用 scripts/process.py 自动化URL扫描,提取IOC,并与VirusTotal、PhishTank和Google Safe Browsing进行交叉引用。

工具与资源

验证

  • 通过API成功扫描可疑URL
  • 提取截图并识别品牌冒用
  • 记录完整的重定向链
  • 从扫描结果生成IOC列表
  • 与至少2个威胁情报源交叉引用发现结果

Individual skills in this repo

This repo contains 20 individual skills — each has its own dedicated page.

abusing-dpapi-for-credential-access

Extract and decrypt Windows DPAPI-protected secrets (Credential Manager, browser logins/cookies, Wi-Fi credentials, KeePass keys) online or offline using SharpDPAPI, SharpChrome, Mimikatz, or Impacket

abusing-shadow-credentials-for-privesc

Take over Active Directory accounts by writing attacker-controlled public keys to msDS-KeyCredentialLink (Shadow Credentials) with pyWhisker, Whisker, or Certipy, then authenticate via PKINIT to recover the target

achieving-cmmc-level-2-compliance

>-

acquiring-disk-image-with-dd-and-dcfldd

Create forensically sound bit-for-bit disk images with dd or dcfldd on a Linux forensic workstation, preserving evidence integrity through hash verification (MD5/SHA) during acquisition. Use when imaging a suspect drive, USB device, or memory card for investigation, preserving volatile disk evidence during incident response, or producing a verified copy for legal or law-enforcement proceedings before any destructive analysis.

analyzing-active-directory-acl-abuse

Detect dangerous ACL misconfigurations in Active Directory using ldap3

analyzing-android-malware-with-apktool

Perform static analysis of Android APK malware using apktool for resource decompilation, jadx for Java source recovery, and androguard for manifest inspection, dangerous permission-combination detection, and identification of obfuscated code, dynamic code loading, and reflection-based API calls. Use to statically triage a suspicious APK without executing it or to build mobile malware detection rules.

analyzing-api-gateway-access-logs

Parses API Gateway access logs (AWS API Gateway, Kong, Nginx) to detect

analyzing-apt-group-with-mitre-navigator

Query ATT&CK data with attackcti, mitreattack-python, and stix2, then build MITRE ATT&CK Navigator layers and multi-layer heatmap overlays mapping one or more APT groups

analyzing-azure-activity-logs-for-threats

Queries Azure Monitor activity logs and sign-in logs via azure-monitor-query

analyzing-bootkit-and-rootkit-samples

Analyzes bootkit and advanced rootkit malware infecting the Master

analyzing-browser-forensics-with-hindsight

Parse Chromium-based browser databases with Hindsight to extract and correlate browsing history, downloads, cookies, cached content, autofill data, saved passwords, and extensions from Chrome, Edge, Brave, Opera, and Vivaldi into a unified timeline (XLSX, JSON, or SQLite output). Use during incident response, insider-threat investigations, or criminal cases when you need to reconstruct a user

analyzing-campaign-attribution-evidence

Systematically evaluate cyber-campaign evidence to attribute an operation to a threat actor, using the Diamond Model and Analysis of Competing Hypotheses (ACH) to weigh infrastructure overlaps, TTP consistency, malware code similarity, and timing/language artifacts into confidence-weighted attribution assessments. Use when an incident investigation needs a defensible attribution confidence level.

analyzing-certificate-transparency-for-phishing

Monitor Certificate Transparency logs using crt.sh and Certstream to

analyzing-cloud-storage-access-patterns

Detect abnormal access in AWS S3, GCS, and Azure Blob Storage by analyzing CloudTrail Data Events, GCS audit logs, and Azure Storage Analytics for after-hours bulk downloads, new-IP access, and API-call spikes (e.g. GetObject) via statistical baselines and time-series anomaly detection. Use when investigating suspected cloud data exfiltration or building related detection rules.

analyzing-cobalt-strike-beacon-configuration

Extract and analyze Cobalt Strike beacon configuration from PE files

analyzing-cobaltstrike-malleable-c2-profiles

Parse and analyze Cobalt Strike Malleable C2 profiles with dissect.cobaltstrike (profiles and beacon-payload configs) and pyMalleableC2 (AST parsing) to extract HTTP/DNS transforms, URIs, headers, sleep/jitter, and injection behavior, then generate network detection signatures. Use when reverse-engineering a captured malleable profile or building detections against Cobalt Strike Beacon traffic.

analyzing-command-and-control-communication

Analyzes malware C2 communication over HTTP, HTTPS, DNS, and custom

analyzing-cyber-kill-chain

Analyzes intrusion activity against the Lockheed Martin Cyber Kill Chain

analyzing-disk-image-with-autopsy

Perform comprehensive forensic analysis of raw (dd), E01, or AFF disk images with Autopsy and The Sleuth Kit, recovering deleted files, examining metadata and embedded artifacts, keyword searching, and building investigation timelines with visual reports. Use for structured analysis of a forensic disk image or when stakeholders need visual reports from evidence.

analyzing-dns-logs-for-exfiltration

Analyzes DNS query logs to detect data exfiltration via DNS tunneling,

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