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Analyzing Malware Persistence with Autoruns

Sysinternals Autoruns를 사용하여 악성코드 지속성 메커니즘을 체계적으로 열거하고 분석합니다.

Analyzing Malware Persistence with Autoruns란 무엇인가요?

이 스킬은 Windows 시스템에서 악성코드가 사용하는 자동 시작 지점(ASEP)을 체계적으로 탐지하고 분석하는 방법을 제공합니다. Sysinternals Autoruns를 활용하여 Run/RunOnce 키, 서비스, 예약 작업, 드라이버, Winlogon 항목, LSA 공급자, WMI 구독, AppInit DLL 등 18개 이상의 카테고리를 스캔합니다. 디지털 서명 확인으로 Microsoft 서명 항목을 필터링하고, 기준선 비교(baseline diffing)로 새로 추가된 지속성 메커니즘을 식별하며, VirusTotal 통합으로 해시 평판을 확인합니다. 오프라인 분석(-z 플래그)을 통해 포렌식 디스크 이미지도 분석 가능하며, 제공되는 Python 스크립트로 분석을 자동화할 수 있습니다. SOC 분석가, 위협 헌터, 보안 엔지니어에게 유용합니다.

지원 대상~Claude Code~Codex CLI~Cursor
npx skills add https://github.com/mukul975/Anthropic-Cybersecurity-Skills/tree/main/skills/analyzing-malware-persistence-with-autoruns

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이 에이전트 스킬이 미리 로드된 새 채팅을 엽니다.

문서

Autoruns를 이용한 악성코드 지속성 분석

개요

Sysinternals Autoruns는 Windows의 수백 가지 자동 시작 확장 지점(ASEP)에서 데이터를 추출하며, Run/RunOnce 키, 서비스, 예약 작업, 드라이버, Winlogon 항목, LSA 공급자, 프린트 모니터, WMI 구독, AppInit DLL 등 18개 이상의 카테고리를 스캔합니다. 디지털 서명 확인으로 Microsoft 서명 항목을 필터링합니다. 비교 함수는 기준선 차이(baseline diffing)를 통해 새로 추가된 지속성 메커니즘을 식별합니다. VirusTotal 통합으로 해시 평판을 확인합니다. -z 플래그를 통한 오프라인 분석으로 포렌식 디스크 이미지 검사도 가능합니다.

사용 시기

  • 악성코드 지속성을 분석해야 하는 보안 사고 조사 시
  • 이 도메인에 대한 탐지 규칙 또는 위협 헌팅 쿼리 작성 시
  • SOC 분석가가 이 분석 유형에 대한 구조화된 절차가 필요할 때
  • 관련 공격 기술에 대한 보안 모니터링 적용 범위를 검증할 때

사전 요구 사항

  • Sysinternals Autoruns (GUI) 및 Autorunsc (CLI)
  • 대상 시스템에 대한 관리자 권한
  • 자동화된 분석을 위한 Python 3.9+
  • 평판 확인을 위한 VirusTotal API 키
  • 비교를 위한 깨끗한 기준선 내보내기

작업 흐름

1단계: 자동화된 지속성 스캔

#!/usr/bin/env python3
"""Autoruns 기반 지속성 분석 자동화."""
import subprocess
import csv
import json
import sys


def scan_and_analyze(autorunsc_path="autorunsc64.exe", csv_path="scan.csv"):
    cmd = [autorunsc_path, "-a", "*", "-c", "-h", "-s", "-nobanner", "*"]
    result = subprocess.run(cmd, capture_output=True, text=True, timeout=600)
    with open(csv_path, 'w') as f:
        f.write(result.stdout)
    return parse_and_flag(csv_path)


def parse_and_flag(csv_path):
    suspicious = []
    with open(csv_path, 'r', errors='replace') as f:
        for row in csv.DictReader(f):
            reasons = []
            signer = row.get("Signer", "")
            if not signer or signer == "(Not verified)":
                reasons.append("서명되지 않은 바이너리")
            if not row.get("Description") and not row.get("Company"):
                reasons.append("메타데이터 누락")
            path = row.get("Image Path", "").lower()
            for sp in ["\temp\", "\appdata\local\temp", "\users\public\"]:
                if sp in path:
                    reasons.append(f"의심스러운 경로")
            launch = row.get("Launch String", "").lower()
            for kw in ["powershell", "cmd /c", "wscript", "mshta", "regsvr32"]:
                if kw in launch:
                    reasons.append(f"LOLBin: {kw}")
            if reasons:
                row["reasons"] = reasons
                suspicious.append(row)
    return suspicious


if __name__ == "__main__":
    if len(sys.argv) > 1:
        results = parse_and_flag(sys.argv[1])
        print(f"[!] {len(results)}개의 의심스러운 항목 발견")
        for r in results:
            print(f"  {r.get('Entry','')} - {r.get('Image Path','')}")
            for reason in r.get('reasons', []):
                print(f"    - {reason}")

검증 기준

  • 모든 ASEP 카테고리가 스캔되고 분류되어야 함
  • 서명되지 않은 항목이 조사를 위해 플래그 지정되어야 함
  • 의심스러운 경로 및 LOLBin 실행 문자열이 강조되어야 함
  • 기준선 비교를 통해 새로운 지속성 메커니즘을 식별해야 함

참고 자료

Individual skills in this repo

This repo contains 20 individual skills — each has its own dedicated page.

abusing-dpapi-for-credential-access

Extract and decrypt Windows DPAPI-protected secrets (Credential Manager, browser logins/cookies, Wi-Fi credentials, KeePass keys) online or offline using SharpDPAPI, SharpChrome, Mimikatz, or Impacket

abusing-shadow-credentials-for-privesc

Take over Active Directory accounts by writing attacker-controlled public keys to msDS-KeyCredentialLink (Shadow Credentials) with pyWhisker, Whisker, or Certipy, then authenticate via PKINIT to recover the target

achieving-cmmc-level-2-compliance

>-

acquiring-disk-image-with-dd-and-dcfldd

Create forensically sound bit-for-bit disk images with dd or dcfldd on a Linux forensic workstation, preserving evidence integrity through hash verification (MD5/SHA) during acquisition. Use when imaging a suspect drive, USB device, or memory card for investigation, preserving volatile disk evidence during incident response, or producing a verified copy for legal or law-enforcement proceedings before any destructive analysis.

analyzing-active-directory-acl-abuse

Detect dangerous ACL misconfigurations in Active Directory using ldap3

analyzing-android-malware-with-apktool

Perform static analysis of Android APK malware using apktool for resource decompilation, jadx for Java source recovery, and androguard for manifest inspection, dangerous permission-combination detection, and identification of obfuscated code, dynamic code loading, and reflection-based API calls. Use to statically triage a suspicious APK without executing it or to build mobile malware detection rules.

analyzing-api-gateway-access-logs

Parses API Gateway access logs (AWS API Gateway, Kong, Nginx) to detect

analyzing-apt-group-with-mitre-navigator

Query ATT&CK data with attackcti, mitreattack-python, and stix2, then build MITRE ATT&CK Navigator layers and multi-layer heatmap overlays mapping one or more APT groups

analyzing-azure-activity-logs-for-threats

Queries Azure Monitor activity logs and sign-in logs via azure-monitor-query

analyzing-bootkit-and-rootkit-samples

Analyzes bootkit and advanced rootkit malware infecting the Master

analyzing-browser-forensics-with-hindsight

Parse Chromium-based browser databases with Hindsight to extract and correlate browsing history, downloads, cookies, cached content, autofill data, saved passwords, and extensions from Chrome, Edge, Brave, Opera, and Vivaldi into a unified timeline (XLSX, JSON, or SQLite output). Use during incident response, insider-threat investigations, or criminal cases when you need to reconstruct a user

analyzing-campaign-attribution-evidence

Systematically evaluate cyber-campaign evidence to attribute an operation to a threat actor, using the Diamond Model and Analysis of Competing Hypotheses (ACH) to weigh infrastructure overlaps, TTP consistency, malware code similarity, and timing/language artifacts into confidence-weighted attribution assessments. Use when an incident investigation needs a defensible attribution confidence level.

analyzing-certificate-transparency-for-phishing

Monitor Certificate Transparency logs using crt.sh and Certstream to

analyzing-cloud-storage-access-patterns

Detect abnormal access in AWS S3, GCS, and Azure Blob Storage by analyzing CloudTrail Data Events, GCS audit logs, and Azure Storage Analytics for after-hours bulk downloads, new-IP access, and API-call spikes (e.g. GetObject) via statistical baselines and time-series anomaly detection. Use when investigating suspected cloud data exfiltration or building related detection rules.

analyzing-cobalt-strike-beacon-configuration

Extract and analyze Cobalt Strike beacon configuration from PE files

analyzing-cobaltstrike-malleable-c2-profiles

Parse and analyze Cobalt Strike Malleable C2 profiles with dissect.cobaltstrike (profiles and beacon-payload configs) and pyMalleableC2 (AST parsing) to extract HTTP/DNS transforms, URIs, headers, sleep/jitter, and injection behavior, then generate network detection signatures. Use when reverse-engineering a captured malleable profile or building detections against Cobalt Strike Beacon traffic.

analyzing-command-and-control-communication

Analyzes malware C2 communication over HTTP, HTTPS, DNS, and custom

analyzing-cyber-kill-chain

Analyzes intrusion activity against the Lockheed Martin Cyber Kill Chain

analyzing-disk-image-with-autopsy

Perform comprehensive forensic analysis of raw (dd), E01, or AFF disk images with Autopsy and The Sleuth Kit, recovering deleted files, examining metadata and embedded artifacts, keyword searching, and building investigation timelines with visual reports. Use for structured analysis of a forensic disk image or when stakeholders need visual reports from evidence.

analyzing-dns-logs-for-exfiltration

Analyzes DNS query logs to detect data exfiltration via DNS tunneling,

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