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kotlin-ktor-patterns

Ktorサーバーのパターン集:ルーティングDSL、プラグイン、認証、Koin DI、kotlinx.serialization、WebSocket、testApplicationテスト。Ktorサーバー(ルーティング、プラグイン、認証、DI、シリアライゼーション、テスト)構築時に使用します。

kotlin-ktor-patterns とは?

このスキルは、Kotlinのコルーチンを活用した堅牢でメンテナブルなHTTPサーバーを構築するための包括的なKtorパターンを提供します。ルーティングDSL、プラグイン(認証、CORS、コンテンツネゴシエーション、ステータスページ)、Koinを使用した依存性注入、kotlinx.serialization、WebSocket、testApplicationを使用した統合テストなど、主要な機能をカバーしています。プロジェクトの標準的なレイアウトから、JWT認証、カスタムシリアライザー、エラーハンドリング、リクエストバリデーションまで、実践的なコード例が豊富に含まれています。Claude Code、Cursor、CodexなどのAIエージェントが、Ktorアプリケーションを効率的に開発・テストするための信頼できるリファレンスとして活用できます。

対応~Claude Code~Codex CLI~Cursor
npx skills add https://github.com/affaan-m/ECC/tree/main/skills/kotlin-ktor-patterns

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ドキュメント

Ktorサーバーパターン

堅牢でメンテナブルなHTTPサーバーをKotlinコルーチンで構築するための、包括的なKtorパターン集です。

いつアクティブにするか

  • Ktor HTTPサーバーの構築
  • Ktorプラグインの設定(認証、CORS、ContentNegotiation、StatusPages)
  • Ktorを使用したREST APIの実装
  • Koinを使用した依存性注入のセットアップ
  • testApplicationを使用したKtor統合テストの作成
  • KtorでのWebSocketの利用

アプリケーション構成

標準的なKtorプロジェクトレイアウト

src/main/kotlin/
├── com/example/
│   ├── Application.kt           # エントリーポイント、モジュール設定
│   ├── plugins/
│   │   ├── Routing.kt           # ルート定義
│   │   ├── Serialization.kt     # コンテンツネゴシエーション設定
│   │   ├── Authentication.kt    # 認証設定
│   │   ├── StatusPages.kt       # エラーハンドリング
│   │   └── CORS.kt              # CORS設定
│   ├── routes/
│   │   ├── UserRoutes.kt        # /users エンドポイント
│   │   ├── AuthRoutes.kt        # /auth エンドポイント
│   │   └── HealthRoutes.kt      # /health エンドポイント
│   ├── models/
│   │   ├── User.kt              # ドメインモデル
│   │   └── ApiResponse.kt       # レスポンスエンベロープ
│   ├── services/
│   │   ├── UserService.kt       # ビジネスロジック
│   │   └── AuthService.kt       # 認証ロジック
│   ├── repositories/
│   │   ├── UserRepository.kt    # データアクセスインターフェース
│   │   └── ExposedUserRepository.kt
│   └── di/
│       └── AppModule.kt         # Koinモジュール
src/test/kotlin/
├── com/example/
│   ├── routes/
│   │   └── UserRoutesTest.kt
│   └── services/
│       └── UserServiceTest.kt

アプリケーションエントリーポイント

// Application.kt
fun main() {
    embeddedServer(Netty, port = 8080, module = Application::module).start(wait = true)
}

fun Application.module() {
    configureSerialization()
    configureAuthentication()
    configureStatusPages()
    configureCORS()
    configureDI()
    configureRouting()
}

ルーティングDSL

基本ルート

// plugins/Routing.kt
fun Application.configureRouting() {
    routing {
        userRoutes()
        authRoutes()
        healthRoutes()
    }
}

// routes/UserRoutes.kt
fun Route.userRoutes() {
    val userService by inject<UserService>()

    route("/users") {
        get {
            val users = userService.getAll()
            call.respond(users)
        }

        get("/{id}") {
            val id = call.parameters["id"]
                ?: return@get call.respond(HttpStatusCode.BadRequest, "Missing id")
            val user = userService.getById(id)
                ?: return@get call.respond(HttpStatusCode.NotFound)
            call.respond(user)
        }

        post {
            val request = call.receive<CreateUserRequest>()
            val user = userService.create(request)
            call.respond(HttpStatusCode.Created, user)
        }

        put("/{id}") {
            val id = call.parameters["id"]
                ?: return@put call.respond(HttpStatusCode.BadRequest, "Missing id")
            val request = call.receive<UpdateUserRequest>()
            val user = userService.update(id, request)
                ?: return@put call.respond(HttpStatusCode.NotFound)
            call.respond(user)
        }

        delete("/{id}") {
            val id = call.parameters["id"]
                ?: return@delete call.respond(HttpStatusCode.BadRequest, "Missing id")
            val deleted = userService.delete(id)
            if (deleted) call.respond(HttpStatusCode.NoContent)
            else call.respond(HttpStatusCode.NotFound)
        }
    }
}

認証ルートを含むルートの構成

fun Route.userRoutes() {
    route("/users") {
        // 公開ルート
        get { /* ユーザー一覧 */ }
        get("/{id}") { /* ユーザー取得 */ }

        // 保護されたルート
        authenticate("jwt") {
            post { /* ユーザー作成 - 認証必須 */ }
            put("/{id}") { /* ユーザー更新 - 認証必須 */ }
            delete("/{id}") { /* ユーザー削除 - 認証必須 */ }
        }
    }
}

コンテンツネゴシエーションとシリアライゼーション

kotlinx.serialization の設定

// plugins/Serialization.kt
fun Application.configureSerialization() {
    install(ContentNegotiation) {
        json(Json {
            prettyPrint = true
            isLenient = false
            ignoreUnknownKeys = true
            encodeDefaults = true
            explicitNulls = false
        })
    }
}

シリアライズ可能なモデル

@Serializable
data class UserResponse(
    val id: String,
    val name: String,
    val email: String,
    val role: Role,
    @Serializable(with = InstantSerializer::class)
    val createdAt: Instant,
)

@Serializable
data class CreateUserRequest(
    val name: String,
    val email: String,
    val role: Role = Role.USER,
)

@Serializable
data class ApiResponse<T>(
    val success: Boolean,
    val data: T? = null,
    val error: String? = null,
) {
    companion object {
        fun <T> ok(data: T): ApiResponse<T> = ApiResponse(success = true, data = data)
        fun <T> error(message: String): ApiResponse<T> = ApiResponse(success = false, error = message)
    }
}

@Serializable
data class PaginatedResponse<T>(
    val data: List<T>,
    val total: Long,
    val page: Int,
    val limit: Int,
)

カスタムシリアライザー

object InstantSerializer : KSerializer<Instant> {
    override val descriptor = PrimitiveSerialDescriptor("Instant", PrimitiveKind.STRING)
    override fun serialize(encoder: Encoder, value: Instant) =
        encoder.encodeString(value.toString())
    override fun deserialize(decoder: Decoder): Instant =
        Instant.parse(decoder.decodeString())
}

認証

JWT認証

// plugins/Authentication.kt
fun Application.configureAuthentication() {
    val jwtSecret = environment.config.property("jwt.secret").getString()
    val jwtIssuer = environment.config.property("jwt.issuer").getString()
    val jwtAudience = environment.config.property("jwt.audience").getString()
    val jwtRealm = environment.config.property("jwt.realm").getString()

    install(Authentication) {
        jwt("jwt") {
            realm = jwtRealm
            verifier(
                JWT.require(Algorithm.HMAC256(jwtSecret))
                    .withAudience(jwtAudience)
                    .withIssuer(jwtIssuer)
                    .build()
            )
            validate { credential ->
                if (credential.payload.audience.contains(jwtAudience)) {
                    JWTPrincipal(credential.payload)
                } else {
                    null
                }
            }
            challenge { _, _ ->
                call.respond(HttpStatusCode.Unauthorized, ApiResponse.error<Unit>("Invalid or expired token"))
            }
        }
    }
}

// JWTからユーザーを抽出
fun ApplicationCall.userId(): String =
    principal<JWTPrincipal>()
        ?.payload
        ?.getClaim("userId")
        ?.asString()
        ?: throw AuthenticationException("No userId in token")

認証ルート

fun Route.authRoutes() {
    val authService by inject<AuthService>()

    route("/auth") {
        post("/login") {
            val request = call.receive<LoginRequest>()
            val token = authService.login(request.email, request.password)
                ?: return@post call.respond(
                    HttpStatusCode.Unauthorized,
                    ApiResponse.error<Unit>("Invalid credentials"),
                )
            call.respond(ApiResponse.ok(TokenResponse(token)))
        }

        post("/register") {
            val request = call.receive<RegisterRequest>()
            val user = authService.register(request)
            call.respond(HttpStatusCode.Created, ApiResponse.ok(user))
        }

        authenticate("jwt") {
            get("/me") {
                val userId = call.userId()
                val user = authService.getProfile(userId)
                call.respond(ApiResponse.ok(user))
            }
        }
    }
}

ステータスページ(エラーハンドリング)

// plugins/StatusPages.kt
fun Application.configureStatusPages() {
    install(StatusPages) {
        exception<ContentTransformationException> { call, cause ->
            call.respond(
                HttpStatusCode.BadRequest,
                ApiResponse.error<Unit>("Invalid request body: ${cause.message}"),
            )
        }

        exception<IllegalArgumentException> { call, cause ->
            call.respond(
                HttpStatusCode.BadRequest,
                ApiResponse.error<Unit>(cause.message ?: "Bad request"),
            )
        }

        exception<AuthenticationException> { call, _ ->
            call.respond(
                HttpStatusCode.Unauthorized,
                ApiResponse.error<Unit>("Authentication required"),
            )
        }

        exception<AuthorizationException> { call, _ ->
            call.respond(
                HttpStatusCode.Forbidden,
                ApiResponse.error<Unit>("Access denied"),
            )
        }

        exception<NotFoundException> { call, cause ->
            call.respond(
                HttpStatusCode.NotFound,
                ApiResponse.error<Unit>(cause.message ?: "Resource not found"),
            )
        }

        exception<Throwable> { call, cause ->
            call.application.log.error("Unhandled exception", cause)
            call.respond(
                HttpStatusCode.InternalServerError,
                ApiResponse.error<Unit>("Internal server error"),
            )
        }

        status(HttpStatusCode.NotFound) { call, status ->
            call.respond(status, ApiResponse.error<Unit>("Route not found"))
        }
    }
}

CORS設定

// plugins/CORS.kt
fun Application.configureCORS() {
    install(CORS) {
        allowHost("localhost:3000")
        allowHost("example.com", schemes = listOf("https"))
        allowHeader(HttpHeaders.ContentType)
        allowHeader(HttpHeaders.Authorization)
        allowMethod(HttpMethod.Put)
        allowMethod(HttpMethod.Delete)
        allowMethod(HttpMethod.Patch)
        allowCredentials = true
        maxAgeInSeconds = 3600
    }
}

Koin依存性注入

モジュール定義

// di/AppModule.kt
val appModule = module {
    // データベース
    single<Database> { DatabaseFactory.create(get()) }

    // リポジトリ
    single<UserRepository> { ExposedUserRepository(get()) }
    single<OrderRepository> { ExposedOrderRepository(get()) }

    // サービス
    single { UserService(get()) }
    single { OrderService(get(), get()) }
    single { AuthService(get(), get()) }
}

// アプリケーション設定
fun Application.configureDI() {
    install(Koin) {
        modules(appModule)
    }
}

ルートでのKoinの使用

fun Route.userRoutes() {
    val userService by inject<UserService>()

    route("/users") {
        get {
            val users = userService.getAll()
            call.respond(ApiResponse.ok(users))
        }
    }
}

テストのためのKoin

class UserServiceTest : FunSpec(), KoinTest {
    override fun extensions() = listOf(KoinExtension(testModule))

    private val testModule = module {
        single<UserRepository> { mockk() }
        single { UserService(get()) }
    }

    private val repository by inject<UserRepository>()
    private val service by inject<UserService>()

    init {
        test("getUser returns user") {
            coEvery { repository.findById("1") } returns testUser
            service.getById("1") shouldBe testUser
        }
    }
}

リクエストバリデーション

// ルート内でのリクエストデータバリデーション
fun Route.userRoutes() {
    val userService by inject<UserService>()

    post("/users") {
        val request = call.receive<CreateUserRequest>()

        // バリデーション
        require(request.name.isNotBlank()) { "Name is required" }
        require(request.name.length <= 100) { "Name must be 100 characters or less" }
        require(request.email.matches(Regex(".+@.+\\..+"))) { "Invalid email format" }

        val user = userService.create(request)
        call.respond(HttpStatusCode.Created, ApiResponse.ok(user))
    }
}

// またはバリデーション拡張関数を使用
fun CreateUserRequest.validate() {
    require(name.isNotBlank()) { "Name is required" }
    require(name.length <= 100) { "Name must be 100 characters or less" }
    require(email.matches(Regex(".+@.+\\..+"))) { "Invalid email format" }
}

WebSocket

fun Application.configureWebSockets() {
    install(WebSockets) {
        pingPeriod = 15.seconds
        timeout = 15.seconds
        maxFrameSize = 64 * 1024 // 64 KiB — プロトコルでより大きなフレームが必要な場合のみ増やす
        masking = false // サーバーからクライアントへのフレームはRFC 6455に従いマスクなし。クライアントからサーバーへのフレームはKtorにより常にマスクされる
    }
}

fun Route.chatRoutes() {
    val connections = Collections.synchronizedSet<Connection>(LinkedHashSet())

    webSocket("/chat") {
        val thisConnection = Connection(this)
        connections += thisConnection

        try {
            send("Connected! Users online: ${connections.size}")

            for (frame in incoming) {
                frame as? Frame.Text ?: continue
                val text = frame.readText()
                val message = ChatMessage(thisConnection.name, text)

                // ロック下でスナップショットを取得し、ConcurrentModificationExceptionを回避
                val snapshot = synchronized(connections) { connections.toList() }
                snapshot.forEach { conn ->
                    conn.session.send(Json.encodeToString(message))
                }
            }
        } catch (e: Exception) {
            logger.error("WebSocket error", e)
        } finally {
            connections -= thisConnection
        }
    }
}

data class Connection(val session: DefaultWebSocketSession) {
    val name: String = "User-${counter.getAndIncrement()}"
    ...

Individual skills in this repo

This repo contains 20 individual skills — each has its own dedicated page.

accessibility

Design, implement, and audit inclusive digital products using WCAG 2.2 Level AA. Use when building or auditing UI that must meet WCAG 2.2 Level AA, or when reviewing a change for keyboard, contrast, or screen-reader support.

affaan-m/content-engine

Create platform-native content systems for X, LinkedIn, TikTok, YouTube, newsletters, and repurposed multi-platform campaigns. Use when the user wants social posts, threads, scripts, content calendars, or one source asset adapted cleanly across platforms.

affaan-m/ECC

Multi-platform content distribution across X, LinkedIn, Threads, and Bluesky. Adapts content per platform using content-engine patterns. Never posts identical content cross-platform. Use when the user wants to distribute content across social platforms.

affaan-m/fal-ai-media

Unified media generation via fal.ai MCP — image, video, and audio. Covers text-to-image (Nano Banana), text/image-to-video (Seedance, Kling, Veo 3), text-to-speech (CSM-1B), and video-to-audio (ThinkSound). Use when the user wants to generate images, videos, or audio with AI.

affaan-m/manim-video

日本語翻訳:このファイルは manim-video 用の日本語翻訳が必要です

affaan-m/remotion-video-creation

Remotion のベストプラクティス - React で動画を作成する。3D、アニメーション、音声、字幕、チャート、トランジションなどをカバーするドメイン固有の29のルール。

affaan-m/video-editing

AI-assisted video editing workflows for cutting, structuring, and augmenting real footage. Covers the full pipeline from raw capture through FFmpeg, Remotion, ElevenLabs, fal.ai, and final polish in Descript or CapCut. Use when the user wants to edit video, cut footage, create vlogs, or build video content.

agent-architecture-audit

Full-stack diagnostic for agent and LLM applications. Audits the 12-layer agent stack for wrapper regression, memory pollution, tool discipline failures, hidden repair loops, and rendering corruption. Produces severity-ranked findings with code-first fixes. Essential for developers building agent applications, autonomous loops, or any LLM-powered feature. Use when an agent or LLM feature misbehaves and the failing layer is unknown, or before shipping an agent stack.

agent-eval

Head-to-head comparison of coding agents (Claude Code, Aider, Codex, etc.) on custom tasks with pass rate, cost, time, and consistency metrics. Use when choosing between coding agents, or when a change to an agent setup needs measured pass rate, cost, and time rather than an impression.

agent-harness-construction

Design and optimize AI agent action spaces, tool definitions, and observation formatting for higher completion rates. Use when defining or revising an agent

agentic-engineering

Operate as an agentic engineer using eval-first execution, decomposition, and cost-aware model routing. Use when planning or executing engineering work that agents will carry out end to end.

agentic-os

Build persistent multi-agent operating systems on Claude Code. Covers kernel architecture, specialist agents, slash commands, file-based memory, scheduled automation, and state management without external databases. Use when building a persistent multi-agent system on Claude Code with its own memory, commands, and scheduling.

agent-introspection-debugging

Structured self-debugging workflow for AI agent failures using capture, diagnosis, contained recovery, and introspection reports. Use when an agent run fails and you need a reproducible diagnosis instead of a retry.

agent-payment-x402

Add x402 payment execution to AI agents with per-task budgets, spending controls, and non-custodial wallets. Supports Base through agentwallet-sdk and X Layer through OKX Payments / OKX Agent Payments Protocol. Use when an agent must pay for something itself and needs per-task budgets, spending controls, and a non-custodial wallet.

agent-self-evaluation

Use after completing any non-trivial task. The agent self-rates its output on 5 axes — accuracy, completeness, clarity, actionability, conciseness — with concrete evidence per criterion. Produces a structured 1-5 scorecard with specific improvement suggestions.

agent-sort

Build an evidence-backed ECC install plan for a specific repo by sorting skills, commands, rules, hooks, and extras into DAILY vs LIBRARY buckets using parallel repo-aware review passes. Use when ECC should be trimmed to what a project actually needs instead of loading the full bundle.

ai-first-engineering

Engineering operating model for teams where AI agents generate a large share of implementation output. Use when setting team process, review gates, or ownership rules for a codebase largely written by agents.

ai-regression-testing

Regression testing strategies for AI-assisted development. Sandbox-mode API testing without database dependencies, automated bug-check workflows, and patterns to catch AI blind spots where the same model writes and reviews code. Use when adding regression coverage to AI-assisted code, or when the same model both wrote and reviewed a change.

android-clean-architecture

Clean Architecture patterns for Android and Kotlin Multiplatform projects — module structure, dependency rules, UseCases, Repositories, and data layer patterns. Use when structuring modules, layers, or data flow in an Android or KMP project.

angular-developer

Generates Angular code and provides architectural guidance. Trigger when creating projects, components, or services, or for best practices on reactivity (signals, linkedSignal, resource), forms, dependency injection, routing, SSR, accessibility (ARIA), animations, styling (component styles, Tailwind CSS), testing, or CLI tooling.

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