lower-thirds

Lower Thirds

Build a clean, branded lower third — the name/role caption that lives in the bottom band of the frame — that animates in, holds long enough to read, and exits without stealing the shot. The craft is restraint: a crisp reveal, a strong type hierarchy, correct safe-area placement, and one template that drives a whole roster of speakers.

When to use

• Speaker/interview name tags, panel rosters, talking-head captions.
• Broadcast-style titles, news straps, podcast/webinar name plates.
• Templating one design across a list of names/titles → many clips (the payoff).

Anatomy

A lower third is two text lines plus a graphic bed, placed in the lower band:

Element	Role	Type treatment
Name (primary)	Who	Largest, heaviest, tightest tracking
Role/title (secondary)	What/where	~45–60% of name size, lighter weight, often a brand accent color
Bar / panel / accent	Reads against any background	Solid or 70–85% opacity; an accent rule ties to brand

Keep it to two lines. A name line + role line is the whole job — extra lines erode the hierarchy and crowd the safe area.

Three rules that prevent cheap-looking titles

1. Never hard-cut a title on or off. A bare appear/disappear reads as a mistake. Even a 12-frame fade or slide makes it feel produced.
2. Stagger, don't slam. Animate the bar first, then the name, then the role, each offset by 3–6 frames. Everything arriving at once feels flat; a short cascade feels designed.
3. Hold long enough to read twice. Roughly 3–5s on screen (read it aloud twice). Too short and it's missed; too long and it nags. Animate in/out, never mid-segment.

Enter & exit animations

Pick one motion language and reuse it. The most reliable, premium-reading reveals:

Reveal	Feel	How
Slide + fade	Clean, default	Translate in ~24–40px while fading; ease-out on enter
Wipe bar	Broadcast	A bar scales/sweeps in (scaleX/clip), text fades behind it
Mask reveal	Premium	Clip text to a moving rectangle so letters "wipe on"

Use asymmetric easing: a snappy ease-out (cubic-bezier(.22,1,.36,1)) on enter, a quicker ease-in on exit. Exit faster than you entered (~⅔ the duration) so the title gets out of the way.

/* Mask reveal: text wipes on left→right, no plugin needed */
.lt-name { clip-path: inset(0 100% 0 0); animation: wipe .5s cubic-bezier(.22,1,.36,1) forwards; }
@keyframes wipe { to { clip-path: inset(0 0 0 0); } }

In/out timing & dwell

Think in three phases. Budget frames, not vibes (at 30fps):

Phase	Budget	Note
Enter	12–18f (0.4–0.6s)	Staggered: bar → name → role
Hold	90–150f (3–5s)	The readable dwell; scale with line length
Exit	8–12f (0.27–0.4s)	Faster than enter

In code, drive every state from the current frame (or a paused timeline), not wall-clock time — a video renderer demands deterministic frames. Express enter/hold/exit as a single progress curve so the same component works live in a browser and frame-by-frame in a renderer.

Safe area & broadcast conventions

The lower third must survive every screen and platform UI. Compose inside the title-safe area (inner ~90% / margin 5%) and respect platform chrome:

Frame	Anchor	Avoid
16:9 (1920×1080)	Left edge at ~5% margin; baseline ~80–85% down	Outer 5% (title-safe), action-safe outer 10%
9:16 (1080×1920)	Same left margin; lift the band up	Bottom ~18% (captions/UI), top ~12%
1:1 (1080×1080)	Lower band, center-left	Outer 5%

Anchor to the left and grow rightward so names of different lengths stay pinned and never re-center awkwardly. Keep the role line within the same left margin as the name. For 9:16, do not park the title at the very bottom — platform captions and buttons sit there.

Type hierarchy & brand styling

Hierarchy is the whole design. Make the name unmistakably dominant:

• Size contrast ≥ 1.6× (name vs role). If unsure, push the name bigger, not the role.
• Weight + color: name in bold/near-white; role in a lighter weight and a brand accent color (one accent, used consistently).
• Contrast for legibility: text rides over unknown footage. Use a solid/semi-opaque bar, a subtle scrim, or a soft text shadow so it reads over both bright and dark plates.
• Brand lock: pin font, accent color, bar style, and corner radius in one theme object so every title across a series matches.

Templating one design across a list

The reason to build this in code: change the text/data, re-export — no re-animating. Make name/role/theme props, never hardcoded, then map a roster to instances.

const ROSTER = [
  { name: "Ada Lovelace",  role: "Founder, Analytical Engines" },
  { name: "Grace Hopper",  role: "Rear Admiral, US Navy" },
  { name: "Alan Turing",   role: "Mathematician" },
];
// One <LowerThird> design; map the list → many instances (sequence them in a renderer)
{ROSTER.map((p, i) => <LowerThird key={p.name} {...p} theme={BRAND} startFrame={i * 150} />)}

In a renderer, make the roster an input prop and render once per row (--props) to emit one branded clip per person — same animation, same brand, only the text changes. See references/lower-third-component.md for the full runnable component and batch script.

Output checklist

• Two lines only: dominant name, secondary role (≥1.6× size contrast).
• Animated in and out (no hard cut); enter staggered bar→name→role; exit faster.
• Hold 3–5s (readable twice); motion only at the ends, never mid-segment.
• Left-anchored inside title-safe; 9:16 band lifted above the bottom-18% UI zone.
• Text legible over any plate (bar/scrim/shadow); one brand accent throughout.
• Name/role/theme are props — one template renders the whole roster.

Deliver & verify (rendered stills → MP4)

Packaged helper (scripts/): tile your stills with scripts/contact-sheet.sh sheet.png f-hook.png f-mid.png f-end.png, then assert the encode with scripts/probe-mp4.sh out.mp4 [WxH] [fps]. See scripts/README.md.

The lower third ships as a Remotion composition (<Composition> + zod schema + defaultProps, name/role/theme as props) — enter/dwell/exit all driven by useCurrentFrame(), never Date.now() / Math.random() / timers. Deliverable = out/*.mp4 + the project (re-render per roster row). 9:16 vertical (1080×1920) is the default.

Verify loop — render stills → inspect → encode. Sample the three phases so you catch a stagger or safe-area bug before encoding (or batching the whole roster).

# Stills at enter / dwell / exit — WITH SHIPPED PROPS (a real roster row, not defaults)
npx remotion still LowerThird out/f-enter.png --frame=10  --props='{"name":"Ada Lovelace","role":"Founder, Analytical Engines"}'
npx remotion still LowerThird out/f-dwell.png --frame=75  --props='{"name":"Ada Lovelace","role":"Founder, Analytical Engines"}'
npx remotion still LowerThird out/f-exit.png  --frame=N   --props='{"name":"Ada Lovelace","role":"Founder, Analytical Engines"}'

# Inspect each PNG — focus the DWELL frame (fully on screen):
#  - hierarchy holds: name dominant (>=1.6x role), role in brand accent; both fully revealed, not mid-wipe
#  - brand lock: font, accent color, bar/scrim correct; legible over the plate
#  - 9:16 safe area: band LIFTED above the bottom ~20-35% UI zone, clear of top ~12% and the right action rail; left-anchored inside title-safe
#  - enter/exit frames show partial reveal (animation actually runs), not a hard cut

npx remotion render LowerThird out/lower-third.mp4 --props='{"name":"Ada Lovelace","role":"Founder, Analytical Engines"}'
npx remotion render LowerThird out/demo.gif --codec=gif                # README proof clip

Batch roster: verify ONE row via stills before rendering all names — catch a layout/overflow bug once, not N times. Use npx remotion compositions for durationInFrames/fps to pick the dwell + exit frames.

Before you finish:

1. Stills render cleanly at enter, dwell, and exit — no missing font/brand assets.
2. At the dwell frame: name dominant over role, brand accent + bar correct, fully (not partly) revealed.
3. The band is inside the 9:16 safe area — lifted above the bottom UI zone, clear of top and right rail — at every checked frame.
4. Frame-driven only — no Date.now() / Math.random() / timers; enter/exit show motion, never a hard cut.
5. A real roster row (not defaultProps) renders correctly; MP4 encoded, GIF optional.

Reference files

• references/lower-third-component.md — a complete runnable lower-third: a Remotion component with staggered spring enter, readable hold, and faster exit driven purely by frame; a typed theme object for brand lock; the list→many-instances sequencing pattern; a per-row batch render script; plus a dependency-free CSS/HTML version of the same design with mask-reveal and wipe-bar variants.