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yaklang/vm-and-bytecode-reverse

Manual de ingeniería inversa de VM y bytecode personalizados. Úselo cuando los desafíos CTF o el software protegido implementen máquinas virtuales personalizadas con bytecode propietario, bucles de despacho o desafíos estilo laberinto.

¿Qué es vm-and-bytecode-reverse?

Este skill proporciona un manual completo para la ingeniería inversa de máquinas virtuales (VM) y bytecode personalizados. Es especialmente útil en desafíos CTF o cuando software protegido implementa su propia máquina virtual con un bytecode propietario, bucles de despacho o desafíos de tipo laberinto. El skill guía al usuario a través del análisis del bucle de despacho, la identificación de opcodes, la reconstrucción del conjunto de instrucciones y la generación de un desensamblador personalizado. Soporta plataformas como Ghidra, IDA Pro y herramientas de análisis binario, permitiendo tanto la extracción estática como la ejecución dinámica del bytecode. Está diseñado para ayudar a los ingenieros inversos a desentrañar la lógica oculta de estas VM y comprender el flujo de ejecución del software protegido.

Compatible con~Claude Code~Codex CLI~Cursor
npx skills add https://github.com/yaklang/hack-skills/tree/main/skills/vm-and-bytecode-reverse

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Documentación

¿Qué hace vm-and-bytecode-reverse?

Manual de ingeniería inversa de VM y bytecode personalizados. Úselo cuando los desafíos CTF o el software protegido implementen máquinas virtuales personalizadas con bytecode propietario, bucles de despacho o desafíos estilo laberinto.

Descripción General

Este skill le guía a través del proceso de desmontar y comprender máquinas virtuales (VM) personalizadas utilizadas en desafíos CTF o software protegido. El objetivo es extraer el bytecode, analizar el bucle de despacho, identificar el conjunto de instrucciones y, finalmente, generar un desensamblador personalizado para comprender la lógica oculta.

Plataformas Soportadas

  • Ghidra
  • IDA Pro
  • Herramientas de análisis binario como radare2, Binary Ninja
  • Depuradores dinámicos como gdb, x64dbg

Cómo Usar

  1. Identificar la VM: Busque bucles de despacho, tablas de salto o funciones que procesen un contador de programa (PC) en el binario.
  2. Extraer el Bytecode: Localice el bloque de datos que contiene el bytecode (puede estar en una sección de datos o decodificado dinámicamente).
  3. Analizar el Bucle de Despacho: Descompile o desensamble la función de despacho para entender cómo se interpreta cada opcode.
  4. Reconstruir el Conjunto de Instrucciones: Documente cada opcode, sus operandos y su comportamiento.
  5. Generar un Desensamblador Personalizado: Escriba un script (en Python, por ejemplo) para desensamblar el bytecode en una representación legible.
  6. Ejecución Dinámica (Opcional): Utilice un depurador para seguir la ejecución del bytecode y verificar su análisis.

Ejemplo de Bytecode de VM

Aquí hay un ejemplo ficticio de bytecode:

0x01 0x00 0x01  # MOV R0, 1
0x02 0x00 0x01 0x02 # ADD R0, R1, R2
0x03 0x01 0x02  # JMP 0x02

Notas

  • Algunas VM implementan ofuscación adicional, como cifrado de bytecode o múltiples capas de despacho.
  • Asegúrese de documentar todos los opcodes e instrucciones encontrados para referencia futura.
  • El skill se puede adaptar para trabajar con herramientas como unidiff o angr para análisis simbólico.

Referencias

Individual skills in this repo

This repo contains 20 individual skills — each has its own dedicated page.

yaklang/401-403-bypass-techniques

401/403 bypass playbook. Use when encountering access-denied responses on admin panels, API endpoints, or restricted paths. Covers path manipulation, HTTP method tampering, header injection, protocol downgrade, and automated bypass tools.

yaklang/active-directory-acl-abuse

Active Directory ACL abuse playbook. Use when exploiting misconfigured AD permissions including GenericAll, WriteDACL, DCSync rights, shadow credentials, LAPS reading, GPO abuse, and BloodHound-guided attack paths.

yaklang/active-directory-certificate-services

AD Certificate Services attack playbook. Use when targeting misconfigured AD CS for privilege escalation via ESC1-ESC13 template abuse, NTLM relay to enrollment, CA officer abuse, and certificate-based persistence.

yaklang/active-directory-kerberos-attacks

Kerberos attack playbook for Active Directory. Use when targeting AD authentication via AS-REP roasting, Kerberoasting, golden/silver/diamond tickets, delegation abuse, or pass-the-ticket attacks.

yaklang/ai-ml-security

AI/ML security playbook. Use when assessing model supply chain attacks (pickle RCE, poisoned weights), adversarial examples, model poisoning, model stealing, data privacy attacks (membership inference, model inversion), and autonomous agent security risks.

yaklang/android-pentesting-tricks

Android pentesting playbook. Use when testing Android applications for SSL pinning bypass, exported component abuse, WebView vulnerabilities, intent redirection, root detection bypass, tapjacking, and backup extraction during authorized mobile security assessments.

yaklang/anti-debugging-techniques

Anti-debugging detection and bypass playbook. Use when reversing protected binaries that detect debuggers via ptrace, PEB flags, timing checks, or signal/exception handlers on Linux and Windows.

yaklang/api-auth-and-jwt-abuse

API authentication and JWT abuse playbook. Use when testing bearer tokens, API keys, claim trust, header spoofing, rate limits, and API auth boundary weaknesses.

yaklang/api-authorization-and-bola

API authorization and BOLA testing playbook. Use when APIs expose object identifiers, nested resources, hidden writable fields, or weak function-level authorization.

yaklang/api-recon-and-docs

API reconnaissance and documentation review playbook. Use when discovering endpoints, schemas, versions, OpenAPI specs, hidden docs, and surface area for API testing.

yaklang/api-sec

Entry P1 category router for API security. Use when choosing between API recon, authorization, token abuse, and hidden-parameter workflows before any deeper API topic skill.

yaklang/arbitrary-write-to-rce

Arbitrary write to RCE playbook. Use when you have an arbitrary write primitive (from heap exploitation, format string, or OOB write) and need to convert it into code execution by targeting GOT, hooks, _IO_FILE vtable, exit_funcs, TLS_dtor_list, modprobe_path, .fini_array, or C++ vtables.

yaklang/authbypass-authentication-flaws

Authentication bypass testing playbook. Use when assessing login flows, password reset logic, account recovery, MFA bypass, token predictability, brute-force resistance, and session boundary flaws.

yaklang/auth-sec

Entry P1 category router for authentication and authorization. Use when testing login flows, sessions, object authorization, JWT, OAuth, CORS, CSRF, and enterprise SSO weaknesses before any deeper auth topic skill.

yaklang/binary-protection-bypass

Binary protection bypass playbook. Use when identifying and bypassing ASLR, PIE, NX/DEP, stack canary, RELRO, FORTIFY_SOURCE, CET, and MTE protections in ELF binaries to enable exploitation.

yaklang/browser-exploitation-v8

Browser and V8 exploitation playbook. Use when exploiting JavaScript engine vulnerabilities including JIT type confusion, incorrect bounds elimination, and V8 sandbox bypass to achieve renderer RCE and sandbox escape in Chrome/Chromium.

yaklang/business-logic-vuln

Entry P1 category router for business logic testing. Use when workflow abuse, race conditions, pricing flaws, or multi-step state attacks matter more than parser-level input injection.

yaklang/business-logic-vulnerabilities

Business logic vulnerability playbook. Use when reasoning about workflows, race conditions, price manipulation, coupon abuse, state machines, and multi-step authorization gaps.

yaklang/classical-cipher-analysis

Classical cipher analysis playbook. Use when encountering substitution ciphers, Vigenere, transposition, XOR, or encoded text in CTF challenges that requires frequency analysis, Kasiski examination, or known-plaintext cryptanalysis.

yaklang/clickjacking

Clickjacking playbook. Use when testing whether target pages can be framed, whether X-Frame-Options or CSP frame-ancestors are properly configured, and whether UI redress attacks can trigger sensitive actions.

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