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Aufbau einer Angriffsmuster-Bibliothek aus CTI-Berichten

Analysiere Cyber-Bedrohungsinformationen (CTI) von Mandiant, CrowdStrike, Talos und Microsoft mit stix2, mitreattack-python und spaCy, extrahiere Angreiferverhalten, ordne sie MITRE ATT&CK-Techniken zu und erstelle eine durchsuchbare STIX 2.1-Angriffsmuster-Bibliothek mit Erkennungsvorlagen.

Was ist Aufbau einer Angriffsmuster-Bibliothek aus CTI-Berichten?

Diese Fähigkeit dient dem Aufbau einer strukturierten Bibliothek von Angriffsmustern aus CTI-Berichten. Sie nutzt Python-Bibliotheken wie stix2, mitreattack-python und spaCy, um natürlichsprachliche Beschreibungen von Angreiferverhalten zu analysieren, diese automatisiert MITRE ATT&CK-Technik-IDs zuzuordnen und als STIX 2.1 Attack Pattern-Objekte zu speichern. Der Workflow umfasst das Parsen von CTI-Berichten (z. B. von Mandiant, CrowdStrike, Talos, Microsoft) zur Extraktion von Handlungen und Werkzeugen, das Mapping auf ATT&CK-Techniken unter Verwendung lokaler STIX-Daten und die Generierung einer durchsuchbaren Bibliothek, die nach Taktik, Technik und Bedrohungsakteur indiziert ist. Zusätzlich werden aus den extrahierten Mustern Vorlagen für Sigma- und YARA-Regeln erstellt, was die detektionsgesteuerte Sicherheitsentwicklung erheblich beschleunigt. Die Fähigkeit eignet sich besonders für Sicherheitsanalysten und Detection Engineers, die ihre Abwehrmaßnahmen an aktuellen Bedrohungsinformationen ausrichten möchten.

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Dokumentation

Was macht Aufbau einer Angriffsmuster-Bibliothek aus CTI-Berichten?

Überblick

CTI-Berichte (Cyber Threat Intelligence) von Anbietern wie Mandiant, CrowdStrike, Talos und Microsoft enthalten detaillierte Beschreibungen von Angreiferverhalten, die extrahiert, normalisiert und in eine strukturierte Angriffsmuster-Bibliothek katalogisiert werden können. Diese Fähigkeit umfasst das Parsen von CTI-Berichten zur Extraktion von Angreifertechniken, das Zuordnen von Verhalten zu MITRE ATT&CK-Technik-IDs, das Erstellen von STIX 2.1-Angriffsmusterobjekten, den Aufbau einer nach Taktik, Technik und Bedrohungsakteur durchsuchbaren Bibliothek sowie das Generieren von Erkennungsregelvorlagen aus dokumentierten Mustern.

Wann verwenden

  • Beim Bereitstellen oder Konfigurieren von Fähigkeiten zum Aufbau einer Angriffsmuster-Bibliothek aus CTI-Berichten in Ihrer Umgebung
  • Bei der Einrichtung von Sicherheitskontrollen gemäß Compliance-Anforderungen
  • Bei der Verbesserung der Sicherheitsarchitektur für diesen Bereich
  • Bei der Durchführung von Sicherheitsbewertungen, die diese Implementierung erfordern

Voraussetzungen

  • Python 3.9+ mit den Bibliotheken stix2, mitreattack-python, spacy, requests
  • Sammlung von CTI-Berichten (PDF, HTML oder Textformat)
  • MITRE ATT&CK-STIX-Daten (lokal oder über TAXII)
  • Verständnis der ATT&CK-Technikstruktur und -Namenskonventionen
  • Vertrautheit mit Detection Engineering-Konzepten (Sigma, YARA)

Schlüsselkonzepte

Extraktion von Angriffsmustern

CTI-Berichte beschreiben Angreiferverhalten in natürlicher Sprache. Die Extraktion umfasst die Identifizierung von Aktionsverben und Fachbegriffen, die ATT&CK-Techniken zugeordnet werden, das Erkennen von Werkzeug- und Malware-Familiennamen, das Identifizieren von Infrastrukturindikatoren sowie das Zuordnen von Verhaltenssequenzen zu Angriffsketten (Kill-Chain-Phasen).

STIX 2.1-Angriffsmusterobjekte

STIX definiert Angriffsmuster als Structured Domain Object (SDO), das beschreibt, wie Bedrohungsakteure versuchen, Ziele zu kompromittieren. Jedes Muster verweist über externe Referenzen auf ATT&CK, enthält Kill-Chain-Phasen (Taktiken) und kann mit Intrusion Sets-, Malware- und Tool-Objekten in Beziehung gesetzt werden.

Generierung von Erkennungsregeln

Extrahierte Angriffsmuster unterstützen das Detection Engineering durch: spezifische Verfahrensbeispiele für die Erstellung von Sigma-Regeln, Verhaltenssequenzen für Korrelationsregeln, IOC-Muster für YARA- und Snort-Regeln sowie Datenquellenanforderungen für Telemetrielücken.

Arbeitsablauf

Schritt 1: CTI-Berichte parsen und Verhalten extrahieren

import re
import json
from collections import defaultdict

class CTIReportParser:
    """Parse CTI reports to extract adversary behaviors."""

    BEHAVIOR_INDICATORS = [
        "used", "executed", "deployed", "leveraged", "exploited",
        "established", "created", "modified", "downloaded", "uploaded",
        "exfiltrated", "injected", "enumerated", "spawned", "dropped",
        "persisted", "escalated", "moved laterally", "collected",
        "encrypted", "compressed", "encoded", "obfuscated",
    ]

    TOOL_PATTERNS = [
        r'\b(Cobalt Strike|Mimikatz|PsExec|BloodHound|Rubeus|Impacket)\b',
        r'\b(PowerShell|cmd\.exe|WMI|WMIC|certutil|bitsadmin)\b',
        r'\b(Metasploit|Empire|Covenant|Sliver|Brute Ratel)\b',
        r'\b(Lazagne|SharpHound|ADFind|Sharphound|Invoke-Obfuscation)\b',
    ]

    TECHNIQUE_KEYWORDS = {
        "spearphishing": "T1566",
        "phishing attachment": "T1566.001",
        "phishing link": "T1566.002",
        "powershell": "T1059.001",
        "command line": "T1059.003",
        "scheduled task": "T1053.005",
        "registry run key": "T1547.001",
        "process injection": "T1055",
        "dll side-loading": "T1574.002",
        "credential dumping": "T1003",
        "lsass": "T1003.001",
        "kerberoasting": "T1558.003",
        "pass the hash": "T1550.002",
        "remote desktop": "T1021.001",
        "smb": "T1021.002",
        "winrm": "T1021.006",
        "data staging": "T1074",
        "exfiltration over c2": "T1041",
        "dns tunneling": "T1071.004",
        "web shell": "T1505.003",
    }

    def parse_report(self, text, report_metadata=None):
        """Parse a CTI report and extract behaviors."""
        sentences = re.split(r'[.!?]\s+', text)
        behaviors = []

        for sentence in sentences:
            sentence_lower = sentence.lower()
            # Check for behavior indicators
            for indicator in self.BEHAVIOR_INDICATORS:
                if indicator in sentence_lower:
                    behavior = {
                        "sentence": sentence.strip(),
                        "action": indicator,
                        "tools": self._extract_tools(sentence),
                        "technique_hints": self._match_techniques(sentence_lower),
                    }
                    if behavior["technique_hints"]:
                        behaviors.append(behavior)
                    break

        print(f"[+] Extracted {len(behaviors)} behavioral indicators from report")
        return behaviors

    def _extract_tools(self, text):
        """Extract tool/malware names from text."""
        tools = set()
        for pattern in self.TOOL_PATTERNS:
            matches = re.findall(pattern, text, re.IGNORECASE)
            tools.update(matches)
        return list(tools)

    def _match_techniques(self, text):
        """Match text to ATT&CK technique hints."""
        matches = []
        for keyword, tech_id in self.TECHNIQUE_KEYWORDS.items():
            if keyword in text:
                matches.append({"keyword": keyword, "technique_id": tech_id})
        return matches

parser = CTIReportParser()
sample_report = """
The threat actor used spearphishing attachments with macro-enabled documents to
gain initial access. Once inside, they executed PowerShell scripts to download
additional tooling. The actor leveraged Mimikatz to dump credentials from LSASS
memory. They then used pass the hash techniques for lateral movement via SMB
to multiple systems. Data was staged in a compressed archive and exfiltrated
over the existing C2 channel. The actor established persistence through
scheduled tasks and registry run keys.
"""
behaviors = parser.parse_report(sample_report)

Schritt 2: Verhalten ATT&CK-Techniken zuordnen

from attackcti import attack_client

class ATTACKMapper:
    def __init__(self):
        self.lift = attack_client()
        self.techniques = {}
        self._load_techniques()

    def _load_techniques(self):
        """Load all ATT&CK techniques for mapping."""
        all_techs = self.lift.get_enterprise_techniques()
        for tech in all_techs:
            tech_id = ""
            for ref in tech.get("external_references", []):
                if ref.get("source_name") == "mitre-attack":
                    tech_id = ref.get("external_id", "")
                    break
            if tech_id:
                self.techniques[tech_id] = {
                    "name": tech.get("name", ""),
                    "description": tech.get("description", "")[:500],
                    "tactics": [p.get("phase_name") for p in tech.get("kill_chain_phases", [])],
                    "platforms": tech.get("x_mitre_platforms", []),
                    "data_sources": tech.get("x_mitre_data_sources", []),
                }
        print(f"[+] Loaded {len(self.techniques)} ATT&CK techniques")

    def map_behaviors(self, behaviors):
        """Map extracted behaviors to ATT&CK techniques."""
        mapped = []
        for behavior in behaviors:
            for hint in behavior.get("technique_hints", []):
                tech_id = hint["technique_id"]
                if tech_id in self.techniques:
                    tech_info = self.techniques[tech_id]
                    mapped.append({
                        "technique_id": tech_id,
                        "technique_name": tech_info["name"],
                        "tactics": tech_info["tactics"],
                        "source_sentence": behavior["sentence"],
                        "tools_observed": behavior["tools"],
                        "keyword_matched": hint["keyword"],
                        "data_sources": tech_info["data_sources"],
                    })
        print(f"[+] Mapped {len(mapped)} behaviors to ATT&CK techniques")
        return mapped

mapper = ATTACKMapper()
mapped_behaviors = mapper.map_behaviors(behaviors)

Schritt 3: STIX 2.1-Angriffsmuster-Bibliothek erstellen

from stix2 import AttackPattern, Relationship, Bundle, TLP_GREEN
from datetime import datetime

class AttackPatternLibrary:
    def __init__(self):
        self.patterns = []
        self.relationships = []

    def add_pattern_from_mapping(self, mapping, report_source="CTI Report"):
        """Create STIX Attack Pattern from mapped behavior."""
        pattern = AttackPattern(
            name=mapping["technique_name"],
            description=f"Observed: {mapping['source_sentence']}\n\n"
                        f"Tools: {', '.join(mapping['tools_observed']) or 'None identified'}\n"
                        f"Source: {report_source}",
            external_references=[{
                "source_name": "mitre-attack",
                "external_id": mapping["technique_id"],
                "url": f"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/{mapping['technique_id'].replace('.', '/')}/",
            }],
            kill_chain_phases=[{
                "kill_chain_name": "mitre-attack",
                "phase_name": tactic,
            } for tactic in mapping["tactics"]],
            object_marking_refs=[TLP_GREEN],
        )
        self.patterns.append(pattern)
        return pattern

    def build_library(self, mapped_behaviors, report_source="CTI Report"):
        """Build complete attack pattern library from mappings."""
        seen_techniques = set()
        for mapping in mapped_behaviors:
            tech_id = mapping["technique_id"]
            if tech_id not in seen_techniques:
                self.add_pattern_from_mapping(mapping, report_source)
                seen_techniques.add(tech_id)

        bundle = Bundle(objects=self.patterns + self.relationships)
        print(f"[+] Library: {len(self.patterns)} attack patterns")
        return bundle

    def export_library(self, output_file="attack_pattern_library.json"):
        bundle = Bundle(objects=self.patterns + self.relationships)
        with open(output_file, "w") as f:
            f.write(bundle.serialize(pretty=True))
        print(f"[+] Library exported to {output_file}")

    def generate_detection_templates(self, mapped_behaviors):
        """Generate Sigma rule templates from attack patterns."""
        templates = []
        for mapping in mapped_behaviors:
            template = {
                "title": f"Detection: {mapping['technique_name']} ({mapping['technique_id']})",
                "status": "experimental",
                "description": f"Detects {mapping['technique_name']} based on CTI report observation",
                "references": [
                    f"https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/{mapping['technique_id'].replace('.', '/')}/",
                ],
                "tags": [
                    f"attack.{mapping['tactics'][0]}" if mapping['tactics'] else "attack.unknown",
                    f"attack.{mapping['technique_id'].lower()}",
                ],
                "data_sources": mapping.get("data_sources", []),
                "observed_tools": mapping.get("tools_observed", []),
                "source_context": mapping["source_sentence"],
            }
            templates.append(template)

        with open("detection_templates.json", "w") as f:
            json.dump(templates, f, indent=2)
        print(f"[+] Generated {len(templates)} detection templates")
        return templates

library = AttackPatternLibrary()
bundle = library.build_library(mapped_behaviors, "Sample CTI Report")
library.export_library()
templates = library.generate_detection_templates(mapped_behaviors)

Validierungskriterien

  • CTI-Bericht geparst und Verhaltensindikatoren extrahiert
  • Verhalten ATT&CK-Techniken mit Konfidenz zugeordnet
  • STIX 2.1-Angriffsmusterobjekte mit korrekten Referenzen erstellt
  • Bibliothek nach Taktik, Technik und Bedrohungsakteur durchsuchbar
  • Erkennungsvorlagen aus dokumentierten Mustern generiert
  • Bibliothek als STIX-Bundle für die gemeinsame Nutzung exportierbar

Referenzen

Individual skills in this repo

This repo contains 20 individual skills — each has its own dedicated page.

abusing-dpapi-for-credential-access

Extract and decrypt Windows DPAPI-protected secrets (Credential Manager, browser logins/cookies, Wi-Fi credentials, KeePass keys) online or offline using SharpDPAPI, SharpChrome, Mimikatz, or Impacket

abusing-shadow-credentials-for-privesc

Take over Active Directory accounts by writing attacker-controlled public keys to msDS-KeyCredentialLink (Shadow Credentials) with pyWhisker, Whisker, or Certipy, then authenticate via PKINIT to recover the target

achieving-cmmc-level-2-compliance

>-

acquiring-disk-image-with-dd-and-dcfldd

Create forensically sound bit-for-bit disk images with dd or dcfldd on a Linux forensic workstation, preserving evidence integrity through hash verification (MD5/SHA) during acquisition. Use when imaging a suspect drive, USB device, or memory card for investigation, preserving volatile disk evidence during incident response, or producing a verified copy for legal or law-enforcement proceedings before any destructive analysis.

analyzing-active-directory-acl-abuse

Detect dangerous ACL misconfigurations in Active Directory using ldap3

analyzing-android-malware-with-apktool

Perform static analysis of Android APK malware using apktool for resource decompilation, jadx for Java source recovery, and androguard for manifest inspection, dangerous permission-combination detection, and identification of obfuscated code, dynamic code loading, and reflection-based API calls. Use to statically triage a suspicious APK without executing it or to build mobile malware detection rules.

analyzing-api-gateway-access-logs

Parses API Gateway access logs (AWS API Gateway, Kong, Nginx) to detect

analyzing-apt-group-with-mitre-navigator

Query ATT&CK data with attackcti, mitreattack-python, and stix2, then build MITRE ATT&CK Navigator layers and multi-layer heatmap overlays mapping one or more APT groups

analyzing-azure-activity-logs-for-threats

Queries Azure Monitor activity logs and sign-in logs via azure-monitor-query

analyzing-bootkit-and-rootkit-samples

Analyzes bootkit and advanced rootkit malware infecting the Master

analyzing-browser-forensics-with-hindsight

Parse Chromium-based browser databases with Hindsight to extract and correlate browsing history, downloads, cookies, cached content, autofill data, saved passwords, and extensions from Chrome, Edge, Brave, Opera, and Vivaldi into a unified timeline (XLSX, JSON, or SQLite output). Use during incident response, insider-threat investigations, or criminal cases when you need to reconstruct a user

analyzing-campaign-attribution-evidence

Systematically evaluate cyber-campaign evidence to attribute an operation to a threat actor, using the Diamond Model and Analysis of Competing Hypotheses (ACH) to weigh infrastructure overlaps, TTP consistency, malware code similarity, and timing/language artifacts into confidence-weighted attribution assessments. Use when an incident investigation needs a defensible attribution confidence level.

analyzing-certificate-transparency-for-phishing

Monitor Certificate Transparency logs using crt.sh and Certstream to

analyzing-cloud-storage-access-patterns

Detect abnormal access in AWS S3, GCS, and Azure Blob Storage by analyzing CloudTrail Data Events, GCS audit logs, and Azure Storage Analytics for after-hours bulk downloads, new-IP access, and API-call spikes (e.g. GetObject) via statistical baselines and time-series anomaly detection. Use when investigating suspected cloud data exfiltration or building related detection rules.

analyzing-cobalt-strike-beacon-configuration

Extract and analyze Cobalt Strike beacon configuration from PE files

analyzing-cobaltstrike-malleable-c2-profiles

Parse and analyze Cobalt Strike Malleable C2 profiles with dissect.cobaltstrike (profiles and beacon-payload configs) and pyMalleableC2 (AST parsing) to extract HTTP/DNS transforms, URIs, headers, sleep/jitter, and injection behavior, then generate network detection signatures. Use when reverse-engineering a captured malleable profile or building detections against Cobalt Strike Beacon traffic.

analyzing-command-and-control-communication

Analyzes malware C2 communication over HTTP, HTTPS, DNS, and custom

analyzing-cyber-kill-chain

Analyzes intrusion activity against the Lockheed Martin Cyber Kill Chain

analyzing-disk-image-with-autopsy

Perform comprehensive forensic analysis of raw (dd), E01, or AFF disk images with Autopsy and The Sleuth Kit, recovering deleted files, examining metadata and embedded artifacts, keyword searching, and building investigation timelines with visual reports. Use for structured analysis of a forensic disk image or when stakeholders need visual reports from evidence.

analyzing-dns-logs-for-exfiltration

Analyzes DNS query logs to detect data exfiltration via DNS tunneling,

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